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词条 Mabel Fairbanks
释义

  1. Early life

  2. Career

  3. Personal life

  4. See also

  5. References

{{Infobox figure skater
|name= Mabel Fairbanks
|image= MabelFairbanks.png
|imagesize= 200px
|caption= Mabel Fairbanks
|fullname=
|altname=
|country= United States
|birth_date= {{birth date|1915|11|14|mf=yes}}
|birth_place= Florida, Florida Everglades
|death_date= {{death date and age|2001|9|29|1915|11|14|mf=yes}}
|death_place= Burbank, California
|height=
|coach= Maribel Vinson Owen
Howard Nicholson
|choreographer=
|skating club=
|beganskating=
|retired=
}}

Mabel Fairbanks (November 14, 1915 – September 29, 2001) was an American figure skater and coach. As an African American and Native American woman she paved the way for other minorities to compete in the sport of figure skating such as Naomi Lang. She was inducted into the US Figure Skating Hall of Fame, as the first person of African American and Native American descent, and the International Women's Sports Hall of Fame.

Early life

Mabel Fairbanks was born on November 14, 1915 in Florida's Everglades. Her father was African American while her mother was Seminole and of English descent.[1][2][3] In a 1999 interview, she said, "my mother took in everybody – every kid off the street – and gave them a place to stay and something to eat. So I never knew who were my real sisters and brothers, but my older sister told me there were 14."[1]

Fairbanks was orphaned at the age of eight when her mother died.[5] After staying with a teacher who treated her like a "maid," she joined one of her brothers in New York City.[5] She worked for him and his wife at their fish market on 8th Avenue in Harlem but they became displeased when, out of sympathy, she gave a family more fish than they had paid for.[1] A wealthy woman saw her sleeping on a park bench and offered her a job as a babysitter at a home overlooking Central Park.[2]

Career

Fairbanks began figure skating around 1925 to 1928.[9] After observing children at the Central Park ice rink, she bought herself used skates, stuffed them with cotton because they were two sizes too big, and began skating at the rink.[2] She said, "Blacks didn't skate there. But it was a public place, so I just carried on."[3] She gained further inspiration after seeing Sonja Henie in the 1936 film One in a Million.[9]

In the 1930s, Fairbanks, due to her race, was denied access to the local rink by the cashier but she kept returning until the manager admitted her.[9] Maribel Vinson Owen and Howard Nicholson provided her with technical advice.[14][9] Fairbanks was not allowed to compete in the national qualifying event for the Olympics or any competition.[3] In a 1998 interview, she said, "If I had gone to the Olympics and become a star, I would not be who I am today."[5]

Fairbanks performed in shows in New York until the 1940s.[2] She often wore pink or purple skate boots rather than the more common black or white.[14] She practiced on a 6ft by 6ft rink constructed by her uncle Wally in her room.[1] After relocating to Los Angeles, she toured internationally, skating with Ice Capades in Mexico and later with Ice Follies.[3] After returning to the United States, she saw a sign with "Colored Trade Not Solicited" at the Pasadena Winter Gardens. She stated, "my uncle had newspaper articles written about it and passed them out everywhere until they finally let me in."[23]

Fairbanks coached singles and pairs, including Tiffany Chin, Billy Chapel, Scott Hamilton, Kristi Yamaguchi / Rudy Galindo, Tai Babilonia / Randy Gardner, Leslie Robinson, Michelle McCladdie, Richard Ewell, Debi Thomas, Atoy Wilson, and Jean Yuna.[5][25][26] She also taught skating to the children of many celebrities.[5] In 1997, she became the first African American inducted into the US Figure Skating Hall of Fame.[2] She was inducted into the International Women's Sports Hall of Fame in October 2001.[29][30]

Personal life

{{portal|Indigenous peoples of North America}}

Fairbanks never married.[2] She was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis in 1997[5] and with acute leukemia in mid-2001.[2] She died on September 29, 2001 at Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center in Burbank, California.[2][3][36] She is interred in the ground at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery, Hollywood, California. Her grave is right at the beginning of the bridge to the Clark Mausoleum.

See also

Naomi Lang

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |url= https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-20084308 |title= Breaking the Ice: The Mabel Fairbanks Story |first= Ronald A. |last= Scheurer |work= American Visions |publisher= Questia Online Library |date= December 1, 1997 }}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news |url= http://articles.latimes.com/print/1998/feb/19/news/ls-20524 |title= The Ice Mother Blazed the Skating Trail for Others |first= Bettijane |last= Levine |work= Los Angeles Times |date= February 19, 1998 }}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite news |url= http://articles.latimes.com/2001/oct/04/local/me-53367 |title= Obituaries: Mabel Fairbanks, 85; Black Ice Skater |first= Michael |last= Quintanilla |work= Los Angeles Times |date= October 4, 2001 }}
4. ^1 {{cite news |url= http://www.thefreelibrary.com/MEMORIALS+PENDING+FOR+ICE+SKATING+LEGEND.-a079079144 |title= MEMORIALS PENDING FOR ICE SKATING LEGEND. |first= Holly |last= Andres |work= Daily News (Los Angeles, CA) |publisher= The Free Library |date= October 5, 2001 }}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/news/2001/oct/08/guardianobituaries |title= Obituary: Mabel Fairbanks |first= Christopher |last= Reed |work= The Guardian |date= October 8, 2001 }}
6. ^1 {{cite news |url= http://web.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20080922&content_id=51940&vkey=ice_news |title=Ewell helped create African-American skating legacy |first= Jo Ann |last= Schneider Farris |work= IceNetwork.com |date= September 22, 2008 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160817183338/http://web.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20080922&content_id=51940&vkey=ice_news |archivedate= August 17, 2016 |deadurl= unfit }}
7. ^1 {{cite news |url= http://web.icenetwork.com/news/2015/01/15/106009420/wilson-looks-back-on-barrier-breaking-experience |title= Wilson looks back on barrier-breaking experience |first= Lois |last= Elfman |work= IceNetwork.com |date= January 15, 2015 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180701003626/http://web.icenetwork.com/news/2015/01/15/106009420/wilson-looks-back-on-barrier-breaking-experience |archivedate= July 1, 2018 |deadurl= unfit }}
8. ^1 {{cite news |url= http://www.womenssportsfoundation.org/home/programs/awards/international-womens-sports-hall-of-fame |title= International Women's Sports Hall of Fame |publisher= Women's Sports Foundation |accessdate= January 18, 2015 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20141127174843/http://www.womenssportsfoundation.org/home/programs/awards/international-womens-sports-hall-of-fame |archivedate= November 27, 2014 |deadurl= no }}
9. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.womenssportsfoundation.org/cgi-bin/iowa//athletes/article.html?record=71 |title= Mabel Fairbanks: Breaking Down Barriers |publisher= Women's Sports Foundation |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20020618092007/http://www.womenssportsfoundation.org/cgi-bin/iowa/athletes/article.html?record=71 |archivedate= June 18, 2002 |deadurl= unfit }}
10. ^1 2 {{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/14/sports/figure-skating-a-pioneer-at-the-rink-is-proud-of-her-legacy.html |title= FIGURE SKATING; A Pioneer at the Rink Is Proud of Her Legacy |first= Nancy |last= Gavilanes |work= The New York Times |date= January 14, 2001 }}
11. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |url= http://library.la84.org/6oic/OralHistory/OHFairbanks6.pdf |title= An Oral History: Mabel Fairbanks |publisher= LA84 Foundation |date= January 7, 1999 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180920210126/http://library.la84.org/6oic/OralHistory/OHFairbanks6.pdf |archivedate= September 20, 2018 |deadurl= no }}
12. ^1 {{cite news |url= https://lasentinel.net/an-original-ice-princess-mabel-fairbanks.html |title= An Original Ice Princess: Mabel Fairbanks |first= Tony |last= McClean |work= Black Athlete Sports Network |publisher= Los Angeles Sentinel |date= March 6, 2010 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180920214236/https://lasentinel.net/an-original-ice-princess-mabel-fairbanks.html |archivedate= September 20, 2018 |deadurl= no }}
[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Fairbanks, Mabel}}

14 : 1915 births|2001 deaths|20th-century Native Americans|21st-century Native Americans|African-American sportswomen|American female single skaters|American female figure skaters|American people of Native American descent|American people of Seminole descent|Black Seminoles|Native American history|Native American sportspeople|People from Florida|Seminole people
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