| 词条 | Ma Buqing |
| 释义 |
|name=Ma Buqing |birth_date=1901 |death_date= {{death date and age|df=yes|1977|2|9|1901}} |birth_place=Linxia County, Gansu |death_place=Taipei, Taiwan |image=Ma Bufang and Ma Buqing.jpg |caption=Ma Buqing sitting down on the right with his brother Ma Bufang on the left |office= Reclamation Commissioner Qinghai Province |term_start= 1942 |term_end= 1943 |lieutenant= |predecessor= |successor= |nationality=Hui |party = Kuomintang |children=Ma Xuyuan, Ma Weiguo |religion = Sunni Islam |nickname= |allegiance= {{CHN-ROC}} |serviceyears=1928–1949 |rank= general |commands=Reclamation Commissioner Qinghai Province, Deputy Commander in Chief 40th Army Group |unit= |battles=Long March, Second Sino-Japanese War, Chinese Civil War |awards= |portrayedby= }}{{Chinese name|Ma}} Ma Buqing (1901–1977) ({{zh|s=马步青 |t=馬步青 |p=Mǎ Bùqīng |w=Ma Pu-ch’ing}}, Xiao'erjing: {{lang|zh-Arab|ﻣَﺎ ﺑُﻮْ شٍ}}) was a prominent Ma clique warlord in China during the Republic of China era, controlling armies in the province of Qinghai. {{Islam and China|figures}}LifeMa Buqing and his younger brother Ma Bufang (1903–1975) were born in Monigou Township (漠泥沟乡)[1] in what is today Linxia County, some {{convert|35|km}} west of Linxia City. Their father Ma Qi formed the Ninghai Army in Qinghai in 1915, and received civilian and military posts from the Beiyang Government in Beijing in that same year confirming his military and civilian authority in Qinghai. Ma Buqing received a Confucian Classical Chinese education, while his brother Ma Bufang received education in Islam to become an Imam.[2] Ma Buqing sided with Feng Yuxiang's Guominjun until the Central Plains War, when he switched to the winning side of Chiang Kai-shek. Ma Qi died in 1931 and his power was assumed by his brother Ma Lin, who was appointed governor of Qinghai. Ma Buqing watched Chinese Opera, and met the later American Professor John DeFrancis during an opera performance.[3] His troops defeated the CCP during the Long March in 1936.[4][5] Ma Buqing and Ma Bufang discussed battle plans against the Japanese over the telephone with Chiang Kai-shek.[6] Ma Buqing's Hexi 5th Army entered the war against the Japanese.[7] In 1940 at the Battle of Wuyuan, Ma Buqing led the 5th Cavalry Corps against the Japanese. The Japanese were defeated by the Chinese Muslim cavalry and Wuyuan was retaken from the Japanese. Ma Buqing was in virtual control of the Gansu corridor at this time.[8][9] In 1942 Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, head of the Chinese government personally went on tour in Northwestern China in Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, and Qinghai, where he met both Ma Buqing and Ma Bufang. Ma Buqing's troops were involved in road construction, for the movement of war supplies to Chinese forces fighting against Japan, having built a route to Russia and was planning another route via Tibet.[10] In July 1942 Chiang Kai-shek instructed Ma Buqing to move 30,000 of his troops to the Tsaidam marsh in the Qaidam Basin of Qinghai.[11][12] Chiang named Ma Reclamation Commissioner, to threaten Sheng Shicai's southern flank in Xinjiang, which bordered Tsaidam. Liangzhou District in Wuwei was previously his headquarters in Gansu, where he controlled 15 million Muslims.[13] In 1949, Ma Buqing evacuated with his family to Taiwan along with the Kuomintang Republic of China government becoming advisor to the Ministry of Defense.[14] His brother, Ma Bufang, fled to Egypt. Ma Buqing died on 9 February 1977, in Taipei. A daughter of Ma Buqing married Ma Buqing's nephew Ma Chengxiang who was born in 1914. Ma Chengxiang commanded the 5th cavalry army and joined Ma Buqing on Taiwan. Ma Buqing's eldest son was Ma Xuyuan ({{zh|t=馬緒援|w=Ma Hsü-yüan}}), and his other son was Ma Weiguo ({{zh|t=馬衛國|w=Ma Wei-kuo}}).[15] Career
See also
References1. ^"临夏旅游" (Linxia Tourism), published by Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture Tourist Board, 2003. 146 pages. No ISBN. Pages 68–69. {{Commons category|Ma Buqing}}2. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=MJzB6wrz6Q4C&pg=PA255&dq=ma+bufang+taiwan#v=snippet&q=ma%20buqing%20education%20classics%2C%20bufang%20religious&f=false|title=Intellectuals in the modern Islamic world: transmission, transformation, communication|author1=Stéphane A. Dudoignon |author2=Hisao Komatsu |author3=Yasushi Kosugi |year=2006|publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=255|isbn=978-0-415-36835-3|accessdate=2010-06-28}} 3. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=mwDJ-3XPNooC&pg=PA253&lpg=PA253&dq=ma+buqing+opera#v=snippet&q=opera%20chinese%20buqing&f=false|title=In the footsteps of Genghis Khan|author=John DeFrancis|year=1993|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-1493-9|page=294|accessdate=2010-06-28}} 4. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=PkVVaQe7uhoC&pg=PA72&dq=ma+buqing+concubines#v=snippet&q=ma%20buqing%20prisoners%20temple%20concubines%20officers&f=false|title=Women of the Long March|author1=Lily Xiao Hong Lee |author2=Sue Wiles |year=1999|publisher=Allen & Unwin|page=72|isbn=978-1-86448-569-1|accessdate=2010-06-28}} 5. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=TXNwAAAAMAAJ&dq=ma+buqing+concubines&q=ma+buqing+|title=From revolution to politics: Chinese communists on the long march|author=Benjamin Yang|year=1990|publisher=Westview Press|page=304|isbn=978-0-8133-7672-1|accessdate=2010-06-28}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.muslimwww.com/html/2013/lishi_0411/13152.html|title=还原真实的西北群马之马步芳 骑八师中原抗日 - 历史 - 穆斯林在线(muslimwww)|website=www.muslimwww.com|accessdate=14 July 2017}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.zk.ccoo.cn/news/local/3889814.html|title=8000骑兵战士战死抗日沙场，可歌可泣_周口热点资讯|website=www.zk.ccoo.cn|accessdate=14 July 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022054615/http://www.zk.ccoo.cn/news/local/3889814.html|archivedate=22 October 2016|df=dmy-all}} 8. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=y3oeAAAAMAAJ&dq=salar+army++Ma+pu-fang&q=Ma+pu-fang|title=Asia, Volume 40|year=1940|publisher=Asia Magazine|isbn=|accessdate=2010-06-28}} 9. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=iOflAAAAIAAJ&dq=Ma+Fu-hsiang%2C+father+of+Ma+Hung-k%27uei%2C+had+been+a+military+leader+during+the+late+Ch%27ing+dynasty.+Other+family+members+held+important+positions+in+various+parts+of+the+Muslim+Belt.54+Convinced+of+their+superiority+and+traditionally+a&q=pu-ch%27ing|title=China's forty millions: minority nationalities and national integration in the People's Republic of China|author=June Teufel Dreyer|year=1976|publisher=Harvard University Press|page=27|isbn=978-0-674-11964-2|accessdate=2010-06-28}} 10. ^{{cite news |title=CHINA: He Who Has Reason|newspaper=TIME|date=5 Oct 1942|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,773741,00.html|accessdate=11 April 2011}} 11. ^{{cite journal|title=War, Leadership and Ethnopolitics: Chiang Kai-shek and China's frontiers, 1941–1945|first=Hsiao-Ting|last=Lin|date=1 March 2009|publisher=|journal=Journal of Contemporary China|volume=18|issue=59|pages=201–217|doi=10.1080/10670560802575960}} 12. ^[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:MuUxsYkb5VUJ:www.silkroadstudies.org/new/docs/CEF/Quarterly/February_2007/Lin.pdf+ma+buqing+sheng+chiang&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShsX_CMGlUVO6zWebB3sZZ8K0cWBp0w0dpZeuShWcHHSgSibQG2vqrxwnUodL4alQRSG_wNAolMBwZ1RG-5fLm2IshLqxdp6F-eVN6h2jcbKDxPFVuBEp3zgo8mzHS1BYvJGeMs&sig=AHIEtbQSxcNMSqTADOVwqDf-E-j4Br1Heg Nationalists, Muslim Warlords, and the "Great Northwestern Development" in Pre-Communist China] 13. ^{{cite news |title=MOSLEM WAR LORD ISOLATED BY CHINA; Ma Pu-ching Sent to Swamps of Tibet With the Title of Reclamation Commissioner MEMBER OF A NOTED CLAN Vital Route to Russia Passes Through Area With 15,000,000 Believers in the Koran|author=HARRISON FORMAN|newspaper=The New York Times|date=19 July 1942|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1942/07/19/archives/moslem-war-lord-isolated-by-china-ma-puching-sent-to-swamps-of.html}} 14. ^{{cite journal|jstor=189017|title=Ethnicity and Politics in Republican China: The Ma Family Warlords of Gansu|last=Lipman|first=Jonathan N.|date=Jul 1984|page=313|publisher=Sage Publications, Inc.|volume=10}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/33588/11/15301511.pdf|title=甘、寧、青三馬家族世系簡表|publisher=|accessdate=14 July 2017}} External links
14 : 1901 births|1977 deaths|Republic of China warlords from Gansu|Hui people|National Revolutionary Army generals from Gansu|Ma clique|Chinese Nationalist military figures|Kuomintang politicians in Taiwan|Chinese anti-communists|Chinese military personnel of World War II|People from Linxia|Taiwanese people from Gansu|Taiwanese people of Hui descent|Taiwanese Muslims |
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