| 词条 | Machairas Monastery |
| 释义 |
| name = Machairas | full = The Holy, Royal and Stavropegic Monastery of Machairas | native_name = Μαχαιράς | native_name_lang = el | image = Monastiri tou Machaira.JPG | caption = Machairas Monastery | diocese = Church of Cyprus | established = 12th century | disestablished = | location = near Lazanias, Nicosia District | map_type = Cyprus | coordinates = {{coord|34.9406|33.1909|region:CY_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = Cyprus | dedication = Virgin Mary | order = Orthodox monasticism | celebration = November 21 | founder = Manuel I Komnenos | prior = Epiphanios, Bishop of Ledra | style = Byzantine }} Machairas Monastery ({{lang-el|Μαχαιράς}} [{{IPA-el|maʃeˈɾas|local}}]) is a historic monastery dedicated to the Virgin Mary located about 40 km from the capital of Cyprus, Nicosia. It lies at an altitude of about 900 m and was founded at the end of the 12th century close to the current village of Lazanias. HistoryLegend has it that an unknown hermit smuggled one of the 70 icons said to have been painted by Luke the Apostle secretly from Asia Minor to Cyprus. This icon of the Virgin Mary remained in its hiding place until the arrival of two other hermits from Palestine in 1145: Neophytos and Ignatius who stumbled across the icon in a cave. To reach it, they had to machete their way into the cave through the thick plant growth, so the icon assumed the name 'Machairotissa' in reference to the Greek word for knife μαχαίρι (Makhaira). The whole monastery founded on this site takes its name from this icon. Following the death of Neophytos, Ignatios travelled with Prokopios (another hermit) to Constantinople in the year 1172 where they succeeded in obtaining financial assistance from the then Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos. The monastery was also granted ownership of the entire mountain on which it is now situated and the status of stavropegion (meaning it remained independent of the area bishopric). The initial monastery was then enlarged by the monk Neilos in the early 13th century. He became the first abbot of the monastery (later he even became bishop of Tamassos). The monastery received further grants from two other Byzantine emperors: Emperor Isaac II Angelos granted cash and land in Nicosia and Emperor Alexios III Angelos donated 24 serfs.[1] ArchitectureThe monastery has a rectangular layout and a red-tiled timber roof. The main entrance faces towards the east; a second faces due west. The supporting buildings and monks' cells are built around a centrally located church designed in Byzantine style. The main aisle of the church is lined with an attractive row of columns. It is covered by a dome and the large tiled roof. The interior of the church is decorated with religious icons, chandeliers, stone floors and wall frescoes. As expected, the icon of the Virgin Mary takes a prominent position. Currently the monastery holds 20-30 Orthodox 25 monks who live off of agricultural activities. FestivalsThe monastery is dedicated to the Virgin Mary and officially celebrates the feast of the Entrance of the Virgin Mary to the Temple (Eisodia) on 21 November. References1. ^ The Making of a Saint: The Life, Times and Sanctification of Neophytos the Recluse, p174, Catia Galatariotou, Cambridge University Press {{ISBN|0-521-52188-2}} [https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0521521882&id=QUDFu-JTIPMC&pg=PA174&lpg=PA174&vq=Machairas+monastery&dq=Machairas+monastery&sig=qhK3fIyZgVAbbZNBh5anK16Rthk] {{Monasteries of Cyprus}} 3 : Cypriot Orthodox monasteries|Christian monasteries established in the 12th century|Greek Orthodox monasteries |
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