| 词条 | David Dellinger |
| 释义 |
| name = David Dellinger | image = David Dellinger mug shot.jpg | alt = | caption = Dellinger after his arrest for failing to report for his World War II draft physical (August 31, 1943) | birth_name = David T. Dellinger | birth_date = August 22, 1915[1] | birth_place = Wakefield, Massachusetts | death_date = {{Death date and age|2004|05|25|1915|08|22}}[1] | death_place = Montpelier, Vermont | nationality = USA | other_names = | known_for = political activism, one of the Chicago Seven | occupation = Writer, activist, pacifist | alma_mater = Yale University (B.A., Economics, 1936)[1] | spouse = Elizabeth Peterson[1] | parents = Raymond Pennington Dellinger Marie Fiske Dellinger[5] }} David T. Dellinger (August 22, 1915 – May 25, 2004) was an influential American radical pacifist and an activist for nonviolent social change. He achieved peak notoriety as one of the Chicago Seven, who were put on trial in 1968. Early life and schoolingDellinger was born in Wakefield, Massachusetts to a wealthy family. His father, Raymond Dellinger, a graduate of Yale University, was a lawyer and a prominent Republican and friend of Calvin Coolidge.[1] His maternal grandmother, Alice Bird Fiske, was active in the Daughters of the American Revolution.[1][5][2] Dellinger studied at Yale University and Oxford University, and he also studied theology at Union Theological Seminary with the intention of becoming a Congregationalist minister.[3] At Yale he had been a classmate and friend of the economist and political theorist Walt Rostow. Rejecting his comfortable background, he walked out of Yale one day to live with hobos during the Depression. While at Oxford University, he visited Nazi Germany and drove an ambulance during the Spanish Civil War. Dellinger, who opposed the war's victorious Nationalist faction, led by Francisco Franco, later recalled, "After Spain, World War II was simple. I wasn't even tempted to pick up a gun to fight for General Motors, U.S. Steel, or the Chase Manhattan Bank, even if Hitler was running the other side."[4] Political careerDuring World War II, he was an imprisoned conscientious objector and anti-war agitator. In federal prison, he and fellow conscientious objectors, including Ralph DiGia and Bill Sutherland, protested racial segregation in the dining halls, which were ultimately integrated because of the protests.[5] In February 1946, Dellinger helped to found the radical pacifist Committee for Nonviolent Revolution.[6] He sat on the executive committee of the Socialist Party of America and the Young People's Socialist League, its youth section, until he left in 1943, and he was also a longtime member of the War Resisters League. In the 1950s and the 1960s, Dellinger joined freedom marches in the South and led many hunger strikes in jail. In 1956, he, Dorothy Day, and A. J. Muste founded the magazine Liberation as a forum for the non-Marxist left that was similar to Dissent.[7][8] Dellinger had contacts and friendships with such diverse individuals as Eleanor Roosevelt, Ho Chi Minh, Martin Luther King Jr., Abbie Hoffman, A.J. Muste, Greg Calvert, James Bevel, David McReynolds and numerous Black Panthers such as Fred Hampton, whom he greatly admired. As chairman of the Fifth Avenue Vietnam Peace Parade Committee, he worked with many different antiwar organizations and helped bring King and Bevel into leadership positions in the 1960s antiwar movement. In 1966 Dellinger travelled to both North and South Vietnam to learn first-hand the impact of American bombing. He later recalled that critics ignored his trip to Saigon and focused solely on his visit to Hanoi.[9] In 1968, he signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments to protest the Vietnam War,[10] and later became a sponsor of the War Tax Resistance project, which practiced and advocated tax resistance as a form of protest against the war.[11] Chicago Seven trialAs US involvement in Vietnam grew, Dellinger applied Mahatma Gandhi's principles of nonviolence to his activism within the growing antiwar movement. One of the high points of this was the Chicago Seven trial over allegations that Dellinger and several others had conspired to cross state lines with the intention of inciting a riot, after antiwar protesters had interrupted the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago. The ensuing court case was turned by Dellinger and his co-defendants into a nationally-publicized platform for putting the Vietnam War on trial. On February 18, 1970, they were acquitted of the conspiracy charge, but five defendants, including Dellinger, were convicted of individually crossing state lines to incite a riot. Judge Julius Hoffman's handling of the trial, along with the FBI's bugging of the defence lawyers, resulted, with the help of the Center for Constitutional Rights, in the convictions being overturned by the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals two years later, on 21 November 1972. Although the contempt citations were upheld, the appeal court refused to sentence anyone.[12][13] Subsequent activitiesDellinger appeared at the December 1971 gathering of music and political views in favor of the then-jailed John Sinclair.[14] In the late 1970s, Dellinger spent two years teaching at Goddard College's Adult Degree Program and Vermont College.[15][16] In 2001, he was invited back to give the commencement address to the graduating class of Goddard's Residential Undergraduate Program.[17] In 1986, when his Yale class of 1936 held its 50th reunion, Dellinger wrote in the reunion book: "Lest my way of life sounds puritanical or austere, I always emphasize that in the long run one can't satisfactorily say no to war, violence, and injustice unless one is simultaneously saying yes to life, love, and laughter."[18] For his lifelong commitment to pacifist values and for serving as a spokesperson for the peace movement, Dellinger was awarded the Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience on September 26, 1992. In 1996, during the first Democratic Convention held in Chicago since 1968, Dellinger and his grandson were arrested along with eight others, including Bradford Lyttle and Abbie Hoffman's son Andrew, during a sit-in at Chicago's Federal Building. In 2001, he led a group of young activists from Montpelier, Vermont, to Quebec City to protest a conference that planned to create a free trade zone. DeathHe died in Montpelier, Vermont, in 2004 after an extensive stay at Heaton Woods Nursing Home. Selected works
See also
Sources
References1. ^1 2 Kaufman, Michael T., [https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/27/us/david-dellinger-of-chicago-7-dies-at-88.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm "David Dellinger, of Chicago 7, Dies at 88"], The New York Times, May 27, 2004 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_AktAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover|title=Directory of the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution|first=Daughters of the American|last=Revolution|date=28 March 2018|publisher=Memorial continental hall|via=Google Books}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A59136-2004May26.html|title=Lifelong Protester David Dellinger Dies (washingtonpost.com)|website=www.washingtonpost.com}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/264189-after-spain-world-war-ii-was-simple-i-wasn-t-even|title=A quote from From Yale to Jail|website=www.goodreads.com}} 5. ^Matt Meyer and Judith Mahoney Pasternak, "David Dellinger, 1915-2004," Nonviolent Activist, May–June 2004, pp. 10-11, 21. 6. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Hunt|first=Andrew E.|authorlink=Andrew E. Hunt|title=David Dellinger: the life and times of a nonviolent revolutionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=785AOwJFGmoC&pg=PA88|accessdate=2 October 2011|year=2006|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-8147-3638-8|page=88ff}} 7. ^{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iMG34fB0g1IC&pg=PA85&lpg=PA85&dq=liberation+magazine&ct=result#PPA85,M1| title=Direct action | author=James Tracy| page=85| publisher=University of Chicago Press| year=1996| isbn=978-0-226-81127-7}} 8. ^{{cite news|last=Kaufman|first=Michael T.|title=David Dellinger, of Chicago 7, Dies at 88|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/27/us/david-dellinger-of-chicago-7-dies-at-88.html |accessdate=January 26, 2014|newspaper=New York Times|date=May 27, 2004}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/org.wgbh.mla:16cbc320789fb3172a87adf19727b286336cba85|title="Interview with David T. Dellinger, 1982.” 08/31/1982.WGBH Media Library & Archives. Retrieved 3 November 2010.|publisher=}} 10. ^"Writers and Editors War Tax Protest," January 30, 1968 New York Post 11. ^"A Call to War Tax Resistance" The Cycle 14 May 1970, p. 7 12. ^1 2 3 Carlson, Michael, [https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/may/28/guardianobituaries.politics "Obituary: David Dellinger : Pacifist elder statesman of the anti-Vietnam Chicago Eight"], The Guardian (UK), Friday 28 May 2004 13. ^United States v. Dellinger, Center for Constitutional Rights. 14. ^{{Citation | last = Barrett | first = Jane | title = John Sinclair: The Rally and the Release | newspaper = Village Voice | date = 1971-12-16 | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=mFQQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IIwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6476,5754947 | accessdate = 2010-02-14}} 15. ^"Life on the Edge: The turbulent public and private lives of David Dellinger & Elizabeth Peterson" Article dated 5/29/2006 from the Rutland Herald/Times Argus. 16. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=uTBCXqOou0YC&pg=PA103&lpg=PA103&dq=david+dellinger+goddard+college&source=bl&ots=ALUI3nlBW_&sig=ryVGdLxTa0c2xk2r03Ydffu469U&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHhdG7_eDOAhXTsB4KHQ5nBE4Q6AEIKDAC#v=onepage&q=david%20dellinger%20goddard%20college&f=false "Entry: David Dellinger"], Cf. p.103 in John J. Duffy, Samuel B. Hand, Ralph H. Orth, [https://books.google.com/books?id=uTBCXqOou0YC&printsec=frontcover The Vermont Encyclopedia], University Press of New England, 2003. {{ISBN|9781584650867}} 17. ^Watch the [https://vimeo.com/130912675 video from Goddard College's archives]. 18. ^McCarthy, Colman, "A Man Who Didn't Obey" (Obituary of David Dellinger), The Progressive, August 1, 2004. External links{{Wikiquote|Dave Dellinger}}
18 : 1915 births|2004 deaths|People from Wakefield, Massachusetts|Members of the Socialist Party of America|Industrial Workers of the World members|Activists for African-American civil rights|American anti–Vietnam War activists|American Christian pacifists|Calvinist pacifists|American conscientious objectors|American pacifists|American tax resisters|Chicago Seven|Nonviolence advocates|Yale University alumni|People from Peacham, Vermont|Christian radicals|War Resisters League activists |
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