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词条 Macrohistory
释义

  1. Examples

  2. Significant contributions to macrohistory [11]

  3. See also

  4. Notes & References

{{use mdy dates |date=July 2016}}Macrohistory seeks out large, long-term trends in world history, searching for ultimate patterns through a comparison of proximate details. For example, a macro-historical study might examine Japanese feudalism and European feudalism in order to decide whether feudal structures are an inevitable outcome given certain conditions. Macro-historical studies often "assume that macro-historical processes repeat themselves in explainable and understandable ways".[1] This approach can identify stages in the development of humanity as a whole such as the large-scale direction towards greater rationality, greater liberty or the development of productive forces and communist society, among others.[2]

Examples

Examples of macro-historical analysis include Oswald Spengler's assertion that the lifespan of civilizations is limited and ultimately they decay,[2] and Arnold J. Toynbee's historical synthesis in explaining the rise and fall of civilizations. The Battle of Ain Jalut is considered by many historians to be of great macro-historical importance,{{Citation needed|date=November 2018}} as it marked the high water point of Mongol conquests, and the first time they had ever been decisively defeated.{{Citation needed|date=November 2018}}

According to economists Robert Solow,[3] Brian Snowdon,[4] Jason Collins[5] and to an article in the "Break Through & Mind Changing Idea" section of Wired (Japan),[6][7] Oded Galor's unified growth theory is a macro-historical analysis that has significantly contributed to the understanding of process of development over the entire course of human history and the role of deep-rooted factors in the transition from stagnation to growth and in the emergence of the vast inequality across the globe.[8] According to Wired (Japan) Galor's theory is a global theory comparable to Newton's "law of gravitation", Darwin's "evolution theory" or Einstein's "general relativity".[6]

Macrohistory is distinguished from microhistory, which involves the rigorous and in-depth study of a single event in history.[9] However, these approaches can be combined such as the case of studying the larger trends of post-slave societies, which include the examination of individual cases and smaller groups.[10]

Significant contributions to macrohistory [11]

  • {{cite book |last=Creasy |first=Edward Shepherd |authorlink=Edward Shepherd Creasy |title=The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World|year=1851}}
  • {{cite book |last=Spengler |first=Oswald |authorlink=Oswald Spengler |year=1918 |title=The Decline of the West}}
  • {{cite book |last=McNeill |first=William H. | title=Plagues and People |year=1976}}
  • {{cite book |last=Rindos |first=David | title=Origins of Agriculture: an Evolutionary Perspective |year=1984}}
  • {{cite book |last=Diamond |first=Jared |authorlink=Jared Diamond |title=Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies|year=1997}}
  • {{cite book |last=Roberts |first=Neil | title=The Holocene: An Environmental History |year=1998}}
  • {{cite book|last=McNeill|first=J.R.|last2=McNeill|first2=William H.|title=The Human Web: A Bird's-Eye View of World History|publisher=|year=2003|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
  • {{cite book |last=Galor |first=Oded |authorlink=Oded Galor| title=Unified Growth Theory |year=2011}}
  • {{cite book |last=Harari |first=Yuval Noah |authorlink=Yuval Noah Harari |title=A Brief History of Humankind|year=2014}}

See also

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
  • Big History
  • Cliometrics
  • Human timeline
  • Life timeline
  • Longue durée
  • Microhistory
  • Nature timeline
  • Universal history
  • Unified Growth Theory
{{div col end}}

Notes & References

1. ^Matthew C. Wells, Ph.D., [https://web.archive.org/web/20110824015142/http://parallelism.org/13949-WELL-layout2.pdf Parallelism: A Handbook of Social Analysis]. Archived August 24, 2011.
2. ^{{Cite book|title=Politics from Anarchy to Democracy: Rational Choice in Political Science|last=Morris|first=Irwin|last2=Oppenheimer|first2=Joe|last3=Soltan|first3=Karol|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2004|isbn=0804745838|location=Stanford, CA|pages=224}}
3. ^{{cite web|first1=Robert|last1=Solow|title=Endorsements|url=https://press.princeton.edu/titles/9477.html|publisher=Princeton University Press}}
4. ^{{Cite journal|last=Snowdon|first=Brian|date=June 2008|title=Towards a Unified Theory of Economic Growth. Oded Galor on the transition from Malthusian stagnation to modern economic growth. An interview with introduction by Brian Snowdon|url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.724.3924&rep=rep1&type=pdf|journal=World Economics|volume=2.9|pages=|via=}}
5. ^,{{Cite web|url=https://jasoncollins.blog/2013/09/04/galors-unified-growth-theory/|title=Galor's Unified Growth Theory|last=Collins|first=Jason|date=2013|website=Jason Collins Blog|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
6. ^{{Cite journal|last=Ishikawa|first=Yoshiko|date=2018|title=The root of economic disparity is attributed to East Africa ten thousands of years ago: Professor Oded Galor's 'Unified Growth Theory'|url=https://wired.jp/2018/12/16/professor-galor-unified-growth-theory/|journal=Wired|volume=31|pages=|via=}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ja&u=https://wired.jp/2018/12/16/professor-galor-unified-growth-theory/&prev=search|title=English Translation of Yoshiko Ishikawa, 'The root of economic disparity is attributed to East Africa ten thousands of years ago: Professor Oded Galor's Unified Growth Theory'|last=|first=|date=2018|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
8. ^{{Cite book|title=Unified Growth Theory|last=Galor|first=Oded|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2011|isbn=9781400838868|location=Princeton|pages=}}
9. ^{{Cite book|title=Exploring Big Historical Data: The Historian's Macroscope|last=Graham|first=Shawn|last2=Milligan|first2=Ian|last3=Weingart|first3=Scott|publisher=Imperial College Press|year=2015|isbn=9781783266081|location=London|pages=2}}
10. ^{{Cite book|title=Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History|last=Araujo|first=Ana Lucia|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9781350010598|location=London|pages=7}}
11. ^{{cite journal|last1=Christian|first1=David G.|date=2005|title=Macrohistory: The Play of Scales|url=https://www.sociostudies.org/journal/files/seh/2005_1/macrohistory_the_play_of_scales.pdf|journal=Social Evolution & History|volume=4|issue=1|pages=22-59|via=}}
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1 : World history

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