| 词条 | Macrothele |
| 释义 |
| image = Macrothele.gigas.female.frontal.-.tanikawa.jpg | image_caption = Threatening female M. gigas | taxon = Macrothele | authority = Ausserer, 1871[1] | parent_authority = Simon, 1892[2] | diversity_link = | diversity = 26 species | type_species = Mygale calpeiana | type_species_authority = Walckenaer, 1805[1] | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text. }} Macrothele is a genus of mygalomorph spiders. It is the only genus in the family Macrothelidae.[2] Most species occur in Asia from India to Japan and Java, with four found in Africa and two in Europe. DescriptionSpiders of this genus are fairly large, with Chinese species ranging from {{cvt|1|–|3|cm|1}} in female body length. Males are smaller, sometimes only half that length.[5] Macrothelids can be distinguished from other mygalomorph spiders by having larger posterior sigillae on the sternum, and the arrangement of the rows of teeth on the margin of the chelicerae: larger front-facing margin and smaller rear-facing. These spiders build tube-webs or funnel-webs under rocks or logs, or in crevices in the ground.[5] TaxonomyThe genus Macrothele was erected by Anton Ausserer in 1871, with the type species being Macrothele calpeiana, formerly Mygale calpeiana.[1] The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek makro ("big") and thele, which refers to the spinnerets.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}} Ausserer placed the genus in the then very broadly defined family Theraphosidae. It was later placed in the Dipluridae and the Hexathelidae before being transferred to the Macrothelidae in 2018.[1] A molecular phylogenetic study in 2018 suggested that Macrothele was a distinct, early diverging lineage within the Mygalomorphae. Accordingly Simon's subfamily Macrothelinae was elevated to the family Macrothelidae. The following cladogram shows the possible relationship of Macrothele to related taxa. {{clade|style=line-height:100%|1={{clade |1=Dipluridae|state1=double |2={{clade |1=Hexathelidae |2={{clade |1=Porrhothelidae |2={{clade |1=Macrothele (Macrothelidae) |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Calisoga (Nemesiidae) |2=Hebestatis (Halonoproctidae) |2={{clade |1=Atracidae |2=Actinopodidae }} }} }} }} }} }} }} Species{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
DistributionMacrothele ranges from the western Mediterranean and West Africa to Southeast Asia, mainland China and Taiwan.[1] However, there is some doubt if the western and eastern species should be grouped in the same genus.[12]See also
References1. ^1 {{Citation |last1=Murphy |first1=Frances |last2=Murphy |first2=John |date=2000 |title=An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia |publication-place=Kuala Lumpur |publisher=Malaysian Nature Society |lastauthoramp=yes }} [1][2][3][4]2. ^1 2 {{citation |title=Family Macrothelidae Simon,1892 |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/family/125 |accessdate=2018-05-15 }} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{citation |title=Gen. Macrothele Ausserer, 1871 |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/1066 |accessdate=2018-05-20 }} 4. ^1 2 {{Citation |last1=Zhu |first1=M.S. |last2=Song |first2=D.X. |date=2000 |title=Review of the Chinese funnel-web spiders of the genus Macrothele, with descriptions of two new species (Araneae:Hexathelidae) |journal=The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=59–64 |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/48/48rbz059-064.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205021638/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/48/48rbz059-064.pdf |accessdate=2018-05-20 |archivedate=2012-02-05 |postscript= (with key to Chinese species) |lastauthoramp=yes }} }}{{Commons|Macrothele}}{{Taxonbar|from1=Q98876|from2=Q53536229}} 5 : Mygalomorphae|Mygalomorphae genera|Spiders of Asia|Spiders of Africa|Macrothelidae |
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