| 词条 | Macrovipera | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| image = Macrovipera lebetina obtusa03.jpg | image_caption = Macrovipera lebetina obtusa | taxon = Macrovipera | authority = A.F. Reuss, 1927[1] }} Common names: large Palearctic vipers.[2]Macrovipera is a genus of venomous vipers that inhabit the semideserts and steppes of North Africa, the Near and Middle East, and the Milos Archipelago in the Aegean Sea.[1] These snakes are responsible for a number of bites in Africa and Western Asia every year. They have a reputation for being ill-tempered and can inject a lot of venom, which is why they should be considered as very dangerous.[3] Three species are currently recognized.[4] DescriptionExcept for M. schweizeri, these snakes are all capable of exceeding {{convert|1.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} in total length (body + tail).[3] The head is broad, flat, and distinct from the neck. Dorsally, it is covered with small, irregular keeled scales. The supraoculars are also fragmented or partially divided. There seems to be a lot of variation in the different scale characteristics.[3] Geographic rangeSpecies of this genus are found in Morocco, Algeria and Tunis in North Africa, east to Pakistan, Kashmir and India, north to the Milos Archipelago in the Azerbaijan, Aegean Sea (Greece), Armenia and Dagestan (Russia). To the south, there is only one old record from Yemen.[3] HabitatMembers of this genus are adapted to arid and dry habitats.[3] ReproductionAll of these species lay eggs (oviparous).[3] Species
T) Type species. TaxonomyThe genus Macrovipera was created by Francis Albert Theodor Reuss (1927), specifically to accommodate M. lebetina (the type species). The three other species currently recognized were, at one point, all regarded as subspecies of M. lebetina. It is now likely that certain subspecies of M. lebetina will also be elevated to valid species status in the not too distant future.[3] Regarding the geographic range of M. lebetina, it is possible that this species is now extinct in Israel.[5] Various species of this genus (and likewise of Vipera) have been suggested for inclusion in the genus Daboia instead, in particular M. lebetina (Obst 1983) as well as M. mauritanica and M. deserti (Lenk et al. (2001).[6] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume). 2. ^Spawls S, Branch B. 1995. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Dubai: Ralph Curtis Books. Oriental Press. 192 pp. {{ISBN|0-88359-029-8}}. 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. {{ISBN|0-89464-877-2}}. 4. ^{{ITIS |id=634425 |taxon=Macrovipera |accessdate=5 August 2006}} 5. ^{{NRDB species|genus=Macrovipera|species=lebetina|date=9 August|year=2007}} 6. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Lenk P, Kalyabina S, Wink M, Joger U|authorlink4=:de:Ulrich Joger|title=Evolutionary relationships among the true vipers (Reptilia: Viperidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=94–104 |date=April 2001 |pmid=11286494 |doi=10.1006/mpev.2001.0912}} Further reading
External links{{Commons|Macrovipera}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q1549762}} 2 : Viperinae|Snake genera |
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