| 词条 | Madakhel | |||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Madakhel is a Pakhtoon/Pashtoon/Pathan tribe. It is a division of the Isazai clan of the Yousafzai tribe. HistoryThe Mada Khels are from the family of The Black Mountain (Tor Ghar) Tribes. They are a division of the Isazai clan of the Yousafzai tribe.[1] Mada Khels are the descendants of Mada the son of Isa (Isazai) and the grandson of Yusaf/Yousaf/(Yousafzai).[2] The Mada Khels are further divided into four Sections; each Section having two or more sub-sections.[3] Sections and sub-sections
GeographyMada Khels are among the dwellers on the Tor Ghar (Black Mountain). Mada Khel country is on the northern slopes of the Mahaban Mountain down to the right bank of the Indus and is bounded on the north by the Hassanzais, on the east by the Indus, on the south and west by the Tanolis and Amazais. Most of the villages are on Mahaban Mountain, with two on the banks of the Indus. The easiest approaches to Mada Khel territory pass through Hassanzai territory.[4] Culture and traditionsLike other Pashtoons, Mada Khels maintained their cultural identity and individuality. They lead their lives in accordance with code of ethics of Pashtoonwali, which combines Manliness, Goodness, Gallantery, Loyalty and Modesty. Mada Khels have also maintained the Pashtoon customs of Jirga (Consultative Assembly), Nanawati (Delegation pleading guilty), Hujhra (Large drawing room) and Melmasteya (Hospitality).[5] LanguagePushto is the basic language of Mada Khels. Living away from urban centres and having less interaction with people from other languages, Mada Khels speak pure form of Pushto. Due to migrations for better prospects of life and marriage in non-Pushtoon families, some Mada Khels adopted other languages such as Hindko and Urdu. Recent developmentsOn 28 January 2011, Tor Ghar became the 25th district of Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa[6]. Judba is the capital of this newly born district with following tehsils:-
Most of the Mada Khel areas come under the Mada Khel tehsil. References1. ^{{cite book|first1=Sir Denzil |last1=Ibbetson|first2=Sir Edward |last2=Maclagan|title=A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province: Based on the Census Report for the Punjab, 1883|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=Vcx-7gUN0g4C|page=10}}|year=1911|publisher=superintendent, Government printing, Punjab|p=10}} {{Pashtun tribes}}2. ^{{cite book|first=Hubert Digby |last=Watson|title=Gazetteer of the Hazara district, 1907|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=V1NuAAAAMAAJ |page=166}}|year=1992|publisher=Sarhad Urdu Academy |p=166}} 3. ^{{cite book|first=J. Wolfe |last=Murray|title=A Dictionary of the Pathan Tribes on the North-west Frontier of India|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=L6VFgdgymHQC}}|year=1899|publisher=Office of the Superintendent, Government Print., India}} 4. ^{{cite book|title=A Dictionary of the Pathan Tribes on the North-west Frontier of India|last=Wylly |first=H.C.|url=https://archive.org/details/fromblackmountai00wyll|year=1899|publisher=Office of the Superintendent, Government Print., India |chapter =II |pp=24–53}} {{google books |id=L6VFgdgymHQC|page=24}} 5. ^{{cite book|first1=Surinder |last1=Singh|first2=I. D. |last2=Gaur|title=Popular Literature and Pre-modern Societies in South Asia|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=QVA0JAzQJkYC}}|year=2008|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-1358-7}} 6. ^Tor Ghar: Kala Dhaka becomes 25th K-P district The Express Tribune. 28 January 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2011. 2 : Social groups of Pakistan|Yusufzai Pashtun tribes |
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