| 词条 | MaDonal |
| 释义 |
| embed = | name = MaDonal | title = | logo = | logo_width = | logo_alt = | image = | image_width = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | slogan = | established = | closed = | current-owner = Suleiman Qassab | previous-owner = | head-chef = | chef = | pastry-chef = | food-type = | dress-code = | rating = | street-address = | city = Sulaymaniyah | county = | state = | postcode = | country = Iraq | coordinates = | seating-capacity = | reservations = | other-locations = | other-label = | other-information = | website = }} MaDonal ({{lang-ckb|مادۆنال}}) is a restaurant located in the town of Sulaymaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan. It intentionally resembles the fast food chain McDonald's, both in appearance and menu;[1][2][3][4] for instance, MaDonal's menu includes "Big Macks."[5][6] It is one of two McDonald's-like restaurants in the town; the other one, Matbax, claims that MaDonal is "cheap quality".[7]{{dead link|date=September 2017}} The owner, Suleiman Qassab, was a fighter in the Kurdish resistance during the 1970s. He became a refugee in Vienna, Austria, where he got a job as a cook at McDonald's. In the 1990s, he applied for permits to create a McDonald's in Iraq, but the McDonald’s Corporation turned him down, due to economic sanctions imposed during the regime of Saddam Hussein, as well as the controlled economy of Iraq at the time. {{citation needed|date=July 2012}} In response, he established MaDonal Restaurant, which is still in business.[8] Since establishing MaDonal, Qassab has offered free food to U.S. forces, been threatened,[9][10][11][12][13][14] and has become a "Kurdish celebrity."[15] Qassab hopes to one day turn MaDonal into an actual McDonald's restaurant.[16][17] MaDonal is popular with Sulaymaniyah's youth,[18][19] and the upper middle class.[20] It is open even during Ramadan.[21] Sociologist George Ritzer sees MaDonal as part of a trend of other countries developing their own regional variations of McDonald’s.[22][23] Journalist Christopher Hitchens said it was "reassuring" to see signs of progress like MaDonal "in an atmosphere that only a few years ago was heavy with miasmic decay and the reek of poison gas."[24]Qassab is just one of many who have requested permission to open up a McDonald’s in Iraq.[25][26] Should this happen, there has been speculation by some about whether McDonald's will eventually take legal action against MaDonal.[27][28][29][30] However, MaDonal appears safe for now, as one journalist notes: "The flow of applications to open an Iraqi McDonald's stopped as quickly as it started, and the corporate lawyers never came to Sulaymaniyah."[31] The first McDonald's in Iraq was opened in Baghdad in 2006.{{cn|date=March 2019}} It only served U.S. soldiers at first; another store for Iraqi civilians was opened later.{{cn|date=March 2019}} See also
References1. ^leonsparx.com: [https://web.archive.org/web/20050208165843/http://leonsparx.com/Iraq2003/From_Suleimaniya.html "From Suleimaniya,"] August 20, 2003 2. ^Fam, Mariam: "Grateful Kurds in Iraq's north embrace Americans and their culture," {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061130222722/http://www.brothersjudd.com/blog/archives/2004/03/thank_u_falletme_b_maself_agin.html |date=2006-11-30 }} Associated Press 3/20/04 3. ^{{cite news|first= |last= |coauthors= |title=Iraq's "McDonald's" |date=2003-06-09 |publisher= |url=http://www.nanfangdaily.com.cn/zt/zt/146yilk/200306090029.asp |work=Nanfang Daily |pages= |accessdate=2007-04-20 |language=Chinese |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928003209/http://www.nanfangdaily.com.cn/zt/zt/146yilk/200306090029.asp |archivedate=2007-09-28 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 4. ^{{cite news | first=Tony | last=Wheeler | coauthors= | title=Iraq: A foreigner in the axis of evil | date=2007-05-08 | publisher= | url =http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/7/story.cfm?c_id=7&objectid=10437856 | work =The New Zealand Herald | pages = | accessdate = 2007-05-11 | language = }} 5. ^Constable, Pamela: [https://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A46236-2003Aug11?language=printer "Kurds Adapt to a New Order in Iraq; Leaders Give Up Dream of Statehood, Urge Federalist Rule to Protect Status,"] The Washington Post, August 12, 2003 Tuesday, Final Edition, A SECTION; Pg. A08, 1268 words. 6. ^Serchuk, Vance: "Erbil Remedy Federalism is not a panacea for Kurdistan," {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080328234659/http://www.aei.org/publications/filter.social%2CpubID.19708/pub_detail.asp |date=2008-03-28 }} The Weekly Standard, January 19, 2004, Monday, Articles; Vol. 9; No. 18, 1987 words. 7. ^{{cite news|last=Goodman|first=Peter S.|title=Familiar Logo On Unfamiliar Eateries in Iraq: Kurdish Entrepreneurs Bring In a Taste of the West |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A38941-2003May25¬Found=true|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=26 May 2003}} 8. ^{{cite news|first=Terry |last=McCarthy |coauthors= |title=WHERE THEY DON'T SHOOT AMERICANS |date=March 14, 2007 |publisher= |url=http://blogs.abcnews.com/bizarrebazaar/2007/03/where_they_dont.html |work=ABC News Blogs |pages= |accessdate=2007-03-18 |language= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070323180325/http://blogs.abcnews.com/bizarrebazaar/2007/03/where_they_dont.html |archivedate=March 23, 2007 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 9. ^Xulamm Kani: "Striving for Cultural Acceptance: the Kurdish Experience," {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222103300/http://kurdistan.org/Current-Updates/sinclair081704.html |date=2007-12-22 }} Keynote Address, School of International Training (SIT), Brattleboro, Vermont, August 17, 2004 10. ^Rothwell, Nicolas: "Kurdish rebel cooks up Big Mac’s little brother,"{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} The Australian, 7/23/2004 11. ^Daragahi, Borzou: "Guns And Burgers," CNNMoney.com, May 1, 2003 12. ^Daragahi, Borzou: [https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-99435041 "Iraqis in north eager to display feelings and enthusiasm for GIs,"] The Washington Times, April 1, 2003 13. ^Saulnier, John M.: "Time flies, french fries, American pie and haven't we had enough boycotting already?," Quick Frozen Foods International, April 2003. 14. ^{{cite news | first=Borzou | last=Daragahi | coauthors= | title=In Kurdistan, an abandoned checkpoint | date=March 30, 2003 | publisher= | url =http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AWNB:ANSB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=10CE598080208820&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated4&req_dat=0D0CB5811D21E575 | work =The Anniston Star | pages = | accessdate = 2007-04-21 | language = }} 15. ^{{cite news|first=Nicolas |last=Rothwell |coauthors= |title=Key piece of Iraq jigsaw wants out of picture |date=July 24, 2004 |publisher= |url=http://www.stewartinnes.com/Assignment-Iraq-3-yawar-visit.html |work=The Weekend Australian |pages=14 |accessdate=2007-04-24 |language= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928203523/http://www.stewartinnes.com/Assignment-Iraq-3-yawar-visit.html |archivedate=September 28, 2007 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 16. ^Wright, Robin: "Kurdish Enclave May Lead Way for New Iraq,"{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Los Angeles Times, December 1, 2002 17. ^McCarthy, Terry: "Golden Arches With a Twist: Iraqi Burger Joint," ABC News, Aug. 16, 2006. 18. ^Al-Marashi, Ibrahim: "Battle of flags," {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111050125/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/695/re5.htm |date=2008-01-11 }} Al-Ahram Weekly, June 17–23, 2004, Issue No. 695. 19. ^Rothwell, Nicolas: "Coming To Suleimaniyah?" Critical Tolerance, Jul 22nd, 2004. 20. ^{{cite news|first=Michael |last=Boag |coauthors= |title=From Iraq with Love: Michael Boag traces his journey from Istanbul to Suleimaniya |date=2003-10-27 |publisher= |url=http://www.mcgilldaily.com/view.php?aid=1886 |work=The McGill Daily |pages= |accessdate=2007-04-08 |language= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927222848/http://www.mcgilldaily.com/view.php?aid=1886 |archivedate=2007-09-27 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 21. ^{{cite news | first=Micha | last=Odenheimer | coauthors= | title=Such fragile threads | date=2003-11-21 | publisher=WorldSecurityNetwork | url=http://www.worldsecuritynetwork.com/showArticle3.cfm?article_id=8773 | work= | pages= | accessdate=2007-06-13 | language= | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927214344/http://www.worldsecuritynetwork.com/showArticle3.cfm?article_id=8773 | archivedate=2007-09-27 | df= }} 22. ^Ritzer, George: “The McDonaldization of Society” (Revised New Century Edition), page 4. Pine Forge Press, 2004. [https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0761988122&id=JAHhSDKSxz0C&pg=PR11&lpg=PR11&ots=2SIsvk_EuS&dq=madonal&sig=hsH7lH59v7Sbw3lJjlBWI4uqKVo (Limited Preview Available on Google Books)] 23. ^{{cite news | author= Sakkinen, Riiko | coauthors= | title=Madonaldization | date=2007-05-30 | publisher= | url =http://www.riikosakkinen.com/blog/?show=archive&m=05-2007 | work = | pages = | accessdate = 2007-06-13 | language = }} 24. ^{{cite news | first=Christopher | last=Hitchens | coauthors= | title=Holiday In Iraq; Over Christmas Break, The Author Took His Son To Northern Iraq, Which The U.S. Had Made A No-Fly Zone In 1991, Ending Saddam's Chemical Genocide. Now Reborn, Iraqi Kurdistan Is A Heartrending Glimpse Of What Might Have Been | date=April 2007 | publisher= | url =http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2007/04/hitchens200704 | work =Vanity Fair | pages =130 | accessdate = 2007-04-20 | language = }} 25. ^Hawkes, Steve: “McDonald's swamped by offers to open in Iraq,”{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} Evening Standard (London), Aug 14, 2003 26. ^{{cite news | first=Herbert | last=Docena | coauthors= | title=Dying for a McDonald's in Iraq | date=October 24, 2003 | publisher= | url =http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/EJ24Ak02.html | work =Asia Times | pages = | accessdate = 2007-04-20 | language = }} 27. ^Ritzer, p. xi-xii 28. ^Sundström, Eric (2005-07-15). "Everyday observations in Iraq" 29. ^Scott (2003-05-01). "What's Next -- Kurdish Idol on Fox?" 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.netzeitung.de/netblog/241181.html |title=MaDonal und Matbax |accessdate=2007-04-20 |last=Schwan |first=Ben |date=2003-05-27 |work=NETBLOG |publisher=NETZEITUNG |language=German }} 31. ^{{cite news | first=Mark | last=MacKinnon | coauthors= | title=In the shadow of real war, a burger war | date=March 23, 2007 | publisher= | url =https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/Page/document/v5/content/subscribe?user_URL=https://www.theglobeandmail.com%2Fservlet%2Fstory%2FLAC.20070323.IBLETTER23%2FTPStory%2FColumnists&ord=22580543&brand=theglobeandmail&force_login=true | work =The Globe and Mail | pages =B8 | accessdate = 2007-04-20 | language = }} External links
4 : Sulaymaniyah|Fast-food hamburger restaurants|Restaurants in Iraq|McDonald's |
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