| 词条 | Madtom |
| 释义 |
| name = Madtom | image = Noturus placidus.jpg | image_caption = Neosho madtom, Noturus placidus | taxon = Noturus | authority = Rafinesque, 1818 | type_species = Noturus flavus | type_species_authority = Rafinesque, 1818 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = | synonyms =
}}Madtoms are freshwater catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the genus Noturus of the family Ictaluridae. It is the most species-rich family of catfish in North America, native to the central and eastern United States, and adjacent parts of Canada.[1] Their fin spines contain a mild venom with a sting comparable to that of a honey bee.[1] Nearly half the species of madtom catfishes was described in a single comprehensive revision of the group. Morphology is very conserved in this genus; most of the species look very similar and telling them apart with the usual meristic and morphometric characters used to identify species is difficult. The more conspicuously variable attributes of these secretive fishes are features of pigmentation, which also are more difficult to quantify and often vary according to substrate and water quality.[2] These species have small to tiny or fragmented ranges, and aspects of pigmentation are important diagnostic characters of each.[2] Over one-quarter of the recognized species diversity in Noturus remains undescribed.[3] A number of madtom species are narrowly distributed and extremely rare, thus are at great risk of extinction. Noturus trautmani may even be extinct, having been last collected in 1957.[2] SpeciesThe 29 recognized species in this genus are:[4]
==References== 1. ^Florida Museum of Natural History: Ictaluridae Retrieved 6 April 2014. 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|title=Two New Species of Noturus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) from the Tennessee River Drainage: Description, Distribution, and Conservation Status|editor1-first=J. W.|first=Brooks M.|editor1-last=Armbruster|last=Burr|author2=Eisenhour, David J. |author3=Grady, James M. |journal=Copeia|year=2005|issue=4|pages=783–802|doi=10.1643/0045-8511(2005)005[0783:TNSONS]2.0.CO;2|volume=2005}} 3. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.yale.edu/eeb/near/29.pdf|title=Phylogenetic Relationships of Noturus stanauli and N. crypticus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae), Two Imperiled Freshwater Fish Species from the Southeastern United States|editor1-first=J. M.|first=Thomas J.|editor1-last=Quattro|last=Near|author2=Hardman, Michael|journal=Copeia|year=2006|issue=3|pages=378–383|format=PDF|doi=10.1643/0045-8511(2006)2006[378:PRONSA]2.0.CO;2|volume=2006}} 4. ^{{FishBase genus | genus = Noturus| month = December | year = 2011}} External links
6 : Noturus|Ictaluridae|Freshwater fish of North America|Freshwater fish of the United States|Fish of Canada|Fish of the Eastern United States |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。