| 词条 | Magnae Carvetiorum |
| 释义 |
|image = Carvoran (Magna) Roman Fort - north boundary, and Corvoran Roman Army Museum - geograph.org.uk - 1374187.jpg |name = Magnae Carvetiorum |alt_names = |known_as = |built_during_reign_of = |founded = |abandoned = |attested_by = |previous_fortification = |type = |robust_struct_material = |robust_struct_built_during_reign_of = |robust_struct_built = |robust_struct_abandoned= |robust_struct_dim1 = |robust_struct_dim2 = |robust_struct_area = |robust_struct_shape = |robust_struct_thickness = |robust_struct_technique = |robust_struct_towers = |weak_struct_material = |weak_struct_built_during_reign_of = |weak_struct_built = |weak_struct_abandoned = |weak_struct_dim1 = |weak_struct_dim2 = |weak_struct_area = |weak_struct_shape = |weak_struct_thickness = |weak_struct_technique = |weak_struct_towers = |commanders = |legions = |cohorts = |alae = |classis = |numberi = |events = |province = |capital_of = |admin_unit_1 = |admin_unit_2 = |limes = |nearby_water = |links = |coordinates = {{coord|54.9849|-2.5244|display=inline}} |altitude_m = |altitude_ref = |map = United Kingdom Northumberland |map_alt = |map_caption = Magnis (Carvoran) shown within Northumberland |map_size = |map_relief = |map_type = |place_name = Carvoran |location_town = |location_county = Northumberland |location_state = |location_country = England |ref:UK:OSNG = NY665656 |ref:RO:LMI = |ref:RO:RAN = |ref:UNESCO = |coins_found = |discovery_year = |condition = |controlled_by = |excavations = |archaeologists = |exhibitions = |website = |notes = |commons = }} Magnae, fully Magnae Carvetiorum (Latin for "The Greats of the Carvetii"),{{refn|The names are sometimes misspelled in the singular as Magna as well. The fort sometimes appears as Magnis in some itineraries, owing to Latin's declensions.}} was a Roman fort on Hadrian's Wall in northern Britain. Its ruins are now known as {{nowrap|Carvoran Roman Fort}} and are located near Carvoran, Northumberland, in northern England. It is thought to have been sited with reference to the Stanegate Roman road, before the building of Hadrian's Wall, to which it is not physically attached. In fact the Vallum ditch unusually goes north of the fort, separating it from the Wall. The fort is now the site of the Roman Army Museum. NameThe fort at Carvoran is generally identified with the "Magnis" which appears both in the Ravenna Cosmography and the Notitia Dignitatum.[1] Further evidence for the name comes from a fragmentary inscription (RIB 1825) apparently seen by William Hutchinson in 1766 but which is now lost, which referred to "numerus Magne Roman fortMagnae was originally built to guard the junction of the Maiden Way with the Stanegate, the key supply route linking Coria (Corbridge) in the east to Luguvalium (Carlisle) in the west. As such it predates Hadrian's Wall. Its ruins are located at Carvoran in the civil parish of Greenhead in the English county of Northumberland. Magnae is one of 16 Roman forts along Hadrian's Wall; there were also 80 smaller milecastle forts and 158 turrets along its length. The Maiden Way ran south from Magnae to Bravoniacum (Kirkby Thore near Penrith). An intermediate fort half-way between the two on the Maiden Way was Whitley Castle or Epiacum, just north of Alston in Cumbria, though the fort itself is just over the county boundary in Northumberland. ArchaeologyArtifacts recovered at Magnae include a {{convert|2|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} iron spearhead, found at a depth of {{convert|36|ft|m}} in a well, and the well-known modius, a bronze grain-measure.[8] Roman Army MuseumMagnae is the location of the Roman Army Museum run by the Vindolanda Trust. Like the museum at Vindolanda, the Roman Army Museum was modernised and reopened in 2011. The museum illustrates frontier life on the northern edge of the Roman Empire. The museum displays genuine Roman artifacts including weapons and tools; life-size replicas; a 3D film showing Hadrian's Wall past and present, and a large timeline of Hadrian's Wall. There is a gallery devoted to the emperor Hadrian himself. A large gallery describes daily life in the Roman army as seen through the eyes of a team of eight auxiliary soldiers, complete with a film showing their activities. Notable exhibits include a rare surviving helmet crest.[9] Further reading
References1. ^{{cite book|last=Frere|first=S. S.|year=1987|title=Tabvla Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis|page=19|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0197260594}} 2. ^1 {{cite book|last=Taylor|first=David|year=2000|title=The Forts on Hadrian's Wall: A Comparative Analysis of the Form and Construction of Some Buildings|page=118|publisher=Archeopress|isbn=1841710768}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=De la Bédoyère|first=Guy|year=1999|title=Companion to Roman Britain|page=82|publisher=Archeopress|isbn=0752414577}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Bevan|first=James Oliver|year=1917|title=The towns of Roman Britain|publisher=Chapman & Hall}} 5. ^{{NHLE |num=1010991 |desc=Carvoran Roman fort and Hadrian's Wall and vallum |accessdate=17 March 2015 }} 6. ^{{Cite book|last=McClure|first=Edmund|title=British place-names in their historical setting|page=331|publisher=E.S. Gorham}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=Roger John Anthony|year=2002|title=A guide to the Roman remains in Britain|publisher=Constable|isbn=0094686807}} 8. ^John Collingwood Bruce, The Roman wall, 1853 9. ^{{Cite book|last=Birley|first=R.|title=Vindolanda Guide: the home of Britain's finest treasures|publisher=Roman Army Museum Publications|year=2012|pages=2 and 43}} External links{{Commons}}
4 : Forts of Hadrian's Wall|History of Northumberland|Roman sites in Northumberland|Military and war museums in England |
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