| 词条 | Magnetic resonance elastography |
| 释义 |
| name = Magnetic resonance elastography | image = File:Murphy 2013 brain MRE with wave image.png|thumb| | alt = | caption = Magnetic resonance elastography of the brain. A T1 weighted anatomical image is shown in the top-left, and the corresponding T2 weighted image from the MRE data is shown in the bottom-left. The wave image used to make the elastogram is shown in the top-right, and the resulting elastogram is in the bottom-right. | pronounce = | purpose =measures the mechanical properties of soft tissues | test of = | based on = | synonyms = | reference_range = | calculator = | DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = | ICD9 = | ICDO = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicine = | MeshID = | OPS301 = | LOINC = }} Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a non-invasive medical imaging technique that measures the mechanical properties (stiffness) of soft tissues by introducing shear waves and imaging their propagation using MRI. Diseased tissues are often stiffer than the surrounding normal tissue. For instance, breast cancers are much harder than healthy fibroglandular tissue. This characteristic has been used by physicians for screening and diagnosis of many diseases, through palpation. MRE calculates the mechanical parameter as elicited by palpation, in a non-invasive and objective way.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} Magnetic resonance elastography works by using an additional gradient waveform in the pulse sequence to sensitize the MRI scan to shear waves in the tissue. The shear waves are generated by an electro-mechanical transducer on the surface of the skin. Both the mechanical excitation and the motion sensitizing gradient are at the same frequency. This encodes the amplitude of the shear wave in the tissue in the phase of the MRI image. An algorithm can be used to extract a quantitative measure of tissue stiffness from the MRI in an elastogram.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} Magnetic resonance elastography was first introduced by Muthupillai et al. in 1995[1] and is being investigated to be used for a multitude of diseases that affect the tissue stiffness.[2][3] It has been used clinically for the assessment of liver fibrosis.[4][5][6] Liver MRELiver fibrosis is a common result of many chronic liver diseases and if progressive leads to cirrhosis. Magnetic Resonance Elastography of the liver provides quantitative maps of tissue stiffness over large regions of the liver. This non-invasive technique is able to detect increased stiffness of the liver parenchyma, which is a direct consequence of liver fibrosis. It helps to stage liver fibrosis or diagnose mild fibrosis with reasonable accuracy.[7] Brain MREMagnetic Resonance Elastography of the brain was first presented in the early 2000s[8][9] and its measures have been correlated with memory tasks,[10] fitness measures[11] and various neurodegenerative conditions: Alzheimer’s Disease[12][13] and Multiple Sclerosis[14] to name a few. It has been found that as the brain ages, it loses its viscoelastic integrity due to degeneration of neurons and oligodendrocytes.[15][16] Brain MRE has only just begun for use in adolescents, and it shows potential towards understand adolescent pathology, recently it has found that adolescents have regionally different brain viscoelasticity than adults.[17][18] See also
References1. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Muthupillai R, Lomas DJ, Rossman PJ, Greenleaf JF, Manduca A, Ehman RL | title = Magnetic resonance elastography by direct visualization of propagating acoustic strain waves | journal = Science | volume = 269 | issue = 5232 | pages = 1854–7 | date = September 1995 | pmid = 7569924 | doi = 10.1126/science.7569924 | bibcode = 1995Sci...269.1854M }} {{commons category}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Magnetic Resonance Elastography}}2. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Mariappan YK, Glaser KJ, Ehman RL | title = Magnetic resonance elastography: a review | journal = Clinical Anatomy | volume = 23 | issue = 5 | pages = 497–511 | date = July 2010 | pmid = 20544947 | pmc = 3066083 | doi = 10.1002/ca.21006 }} 3. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Glaser KJ, Manduca A, Ehman RL | title = Review of MR elastography applications and recent developments | journal = Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging | volume = 36 | issue = 4 | pages = 757–74 | date = October 2012 | pmid = 22987755 | pmc = 3462370 | doi = 10.1002/jmri.23597 }} 4. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Yin M, Talwalkar JA, Glaser KJ, Manduca A, Grimm RC, Rossman PJ, Fidler JL, Ehman RL | title = Assessment of hepatic fibrosis with magnetic resonance elastography | journal = Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology | volume = 5 | issue = 10 | pages = 1207–1213.e2 | date = October 2007 | pmid = 17916548 | pmc = 2276978 | doi = 10.1016/j.cgh.2007.06.012 }} 5. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Huwart L, Sempoux C, Vicaut E, Salameh N, Annet L, Danse E, Peeters F, ter Beek LC, Rahier J, Sinkus R, Horsmans Y, Van Beers BE | title = Magnetic resonance elastography for the noninvasive staging of liver fibrosis | journal = Gastroenterology | volume = 135 | issue = 1 | pages = 32–40 | date = July 2008 | pmid = 18471441 | doi = 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.03.076 }} 6. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Asbach P, Klatt D, Schlosser B, Biermer M, Muche M, Rieger A, Loddenkemper C, Somasundaram R, Berg T, Hamm B, Braun J, Sack I | display-authors = 6 | title = Viscoelasticity-based staging of hepatic fibrosis with multifrequency MR elastography | journal = Radiology | volume = 257 | issue = 1 | pages = 80–6 | date = October 2010 | pmid = 20679447 | doi = 10.1148/radiol.10092489 }} 7. ^{{Cite journal|last=Venkatesh|first=Sudhakar K.|last2=Yin|first2=Meng|last3=Ehman|first3=Richard L.|date=March 2013|title=Magnetic resonance elastography of liver: Technique, analysis, and clinical applications|journal=Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging|volume=37|issue=3|pages=544–555|doi=10.1002/jmri.23731|pmc=3579218|pmid=23423795}} 8. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Van Houten EE, Miga MI, Weaver JB, Kennedy FE, Paulsen KD | title = Three-dimensional subzone-based reconstruction algorithm for MR elastography | journal = Magnetic Resonance in Medicine | volume = 45 | issue = 5 | pages = 827–37 | date = May 2001 | pmid = 11323809 | doi = 10.1002/mrm.1111 }} 9. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Van Houten EE, Paulsen KD, Miga MI, Kennedy FE, Weaver JB | title = An overlapping subzone technique for MR-based elastic property reconstruction | journal = Magnetic Resonance in Medicine | volume = 42 | issue = 4 | pages = 779–86 | date = October 1999 | pmid = 10502768 | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199910)42:4<779::AID-MRM21>3.0.CO;2-Z }} 10. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Schwarb H, Johnson CL, McGarry MD, Cohen NJ | title = Medial temporal lobe viscoelasticity and relational memory performance | journal = NeuroImage | volume = 132 | pages = 534–541 | date = May 2016 | pmid = 26931816 | pmc = 4970644 | doi = 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.059 }} 11. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Schwarb H, Johnson CL, Daugherty AM, Hillman CH, Kramer AF, Cohen NJ, Barbey AK | display-authors = 6 | title = Aerobic fitness, hippocampal viscoelasticity, and relational memory performance | journal = NeuroImage | volume = 153 | pages = 179–188 | date = June 2017 | pmid = 28366763 | pmc = 5637732 | doi = 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.061 }} 12. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Murphy MC, Jones DT, Jack CR, Glaser KJ, Senjem ML, Manduca A, Felmlee JP, Carter RE, Ehman RL, Huston J | title = Regional brain stiffness changes across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum | journal = NeuroImage. Clinical | volume = 10 | pages = 283–90 | year = 2016 | pmid = 26900568 | pmc = 4724025 | doi = 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.12.007 }} 13. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Murphy MC, Huston J, Jack CR, Glaser KJ, Manduca A, Felmlee JP, Ehman RL | title = Decreased brain stiffness in Alzheimer's disease determined by magnetic resonance elastography | journal = Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging | volume = 34 | issue = 3 | pages = 494–8 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 21751286 | pmc = 3217096 | doi = 10.1002/jmri.22707 }} 14. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Sandroff BM, Johnson CL, Motl RW | title = Exercise training effects on memory and hippocampal viscoelasticity in multiple sclerosis: a novel application of magnetic resonance elastography | journal = Neuroradiology | volume = 59 | issue = 1 | pages = 61–67 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 27889837 | doi = 10.1007/s00234-016-1767-x }} 15. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Sack I, Beierbach B, Wuerfel J, Klatt D, Hamhaber U, Papazoglou S, Martus P, Braun J | display-authors = 6 | title = The impact of aging and gender on brain viscoelasticity | journal = NeuroImage | volume = 46 | issue = 3 | pages = 652–7 | date = July 2009 | pmid = 19281851 | doi = 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.02.040 }} 16. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Sack I, Streitberger KJ, Krefting D, Paul F, Braun J | title = The influence of physiological aging and atrophy on brain viscoelastic properties in humans | journal = PLOS One | volume = 6 | issue = 9 | pages = e23451 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21931599 | pmc = 3171401 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0023451 | bibcode = 2011PLoSO...623451S }} 17. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Johnson CL, Telzer EH | title = Magnetic resonance elastography for examining developmental changes in the mechanical properties of the brain | journal = Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience | volume = 33 | pages = 176–181 | date = October 2018 | pmid = 29239832 | pmc = 5832528 | doi = 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.08.010 }} 18. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = McIlvain G, Schwarb H, Cohen NJ, Telzer EH, Johnson CL | title = Mechanical properties of the in vivo adolescent human brain | journal = Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience | volume = 34 | pages = 27–33 | date = November 2018 | pmid = 29906788 | pmc = 6289278 | doi = 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.06.001 }} 1 : Magnetic resonance imaging |
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