| 词条 | Maiwand Lion |
| 释义 |
| image_file = The Maiwand Lion, Forbury Gardens, Reading 2.jpg | image_size = 300px | title = Maiwand Lion | alt = | artist = George Blackall Simonds | year = {{start date|1884}} | type = Sculpture | dimensions = | coordinates = {{coord|51.456952|N|0.967481|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=title}} | owner = }} The Maiwand Lion is a sculpture and war memorial in the Forbury Gardens, a public park in the town of Reading, in the English county of Berkshire. The statue was named after the Battle of Maiwand and was erected in 1884 to commemorate the deaths of 329 men from the 66th (Berkshire) Regiment of Foot during the campaign in the Second Anglo-Afghan War in Afghanistan between 1878 and 1880. It is sometimes known locally as the Forbury Lion. The inscription on the plinth reads as follows: This monument records the names and commemorates the valour and devotion of XI [11] officers and CCCXVIII [318] non-commissioned officers and men of the LXVI [66th] Berkshire Regiment who gave their lives for their country at Girishk Maiwand and Kandahar and during the Afghan Campaign MDCCCLXXIX [1879] - MDCCCLXXX [1880]. The regiment lost approximately 258 men out of 500 (reports of the number vary, see the statue inscription total above) at the battle of Maiwand, having faced an Afghan army ten times larger than the British contingent. Eleven of the men, protecting the colours, made such a brave stand before their deaths that the Afghans who fought them reported it with great respect. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle based his character Doctor Watson on the regiment's Medical officer, Surgeon Major A F Preston who was injured in battle.[1][2] The sculptor was George Blackall Simonds, a member of a Reading brewing family from Simonds' Brewery. The sculpture took two years to design and complete, and the lion is one of the world's largest cast iron statues. Rumours persist that Simonds committed suicide on learning that the lion's gait was incorrectly that of a domestic cat. In fact, he made careful observations on lions and the stance was anatomically correct. He also lived for another 43 years, enjoying continuing success as a sculptor going on to create a statue of Queen Victoria (1887) and a statue of George Palmer (1891). He retired from sculpting in 1903 and worked in the family business eventually becoming its chairman in 1910. In 1922 he temporarily came out of retirement to build the Bradfield war memorial which commemorated the deaths in the First World War of those in the 2nd Battalion, South Wales Borderers which included his son.[3] The Maiwand Lion features on the front page of one of the local newspapers, the Reading Post, and also on the Reading Football Club crest. Its face featured on the medal given to the 15,000 finishers at the Reading Half Marathon race in 2016. The statue is made of cast iron and weighs 16 tons. It was cast by H. Young & Co. of Pimlico in 1886 and was originally supported on a terracotta pedestal. This was replaced with granite when the terracotta showed signed of cracking under the statue's weight. The rectangular pilastered plinth carries tablets recording the names of the dead, together with inscription above. The whole monument is listed grade II by English Heritage.[4][5] The Loddon Brewery, located in Dunsden Green close to Reading, brew an IPA called Forbury Lion.[6] References1. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.readingmuseum.org.uk/collections/album/pdfs/maiwand-25.pdf | title = Maiwand Lion – Forbury Gardens, Reading | publisher = Reading Museums | accessdate = 2007-11-26 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000734/http://www.readingmuseum.org.uk/collections/album/pdfs/maiwand-25.pdf |archivedate = 2007-09-28}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thewardrobe.org.uk/historyto1881.php |title=The story of the Infantry of Berkshire and Wiltshire (to 1881) |publisher=The Rifles (Berkshire and Wiltshire) Museum |accessdate=2007-11-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012171003/https://www.thewardrobe.org.uk/historyto1881.php |archivedate=12 October 2007 |df= }} 3. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.readinglibraries.org.uk/services/local/simonds.htm | title = Reading's Great People - George Blackall-Simonds | publisher = Reading Borough Libraries | accessdate = 2007-11-26}} 4. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=38938&mode=quick | title = Images of England - Maiwand Memorial | publisher = English Heritage | accessdate = 2007-11-26}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/101155769-maiwand-memorial-abbey-ward |title=Maiwand Memorial |work=BritishListedBuildings.co.uk |accessdate=12 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212144421/https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/101155769-maiwand-memorial-abbey-ward |archivedate=12 December 2018 |deadurl=no}} 6. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.loddonbrewery.com/beers/seasonal.html |title = Seasonal Loddon Brewery Beers |publisher = Loddon Brewery |accessdate = 2007-11-26 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081014124626/http://www.loddonbrewery.com/beers/seasonal.html |archivedate = 14 October 2008 |df = dmy-all}} Bibliography
External links{{Commons category-inline|Maiwand Lion|Maiwand Lion}}{{Listed buildings in Reading}} 12 : British military memorials and cemeteries|Buildings and structures in Reading, Berkshire|Culture in Reading, Berkshire|Colossal statues in the United Kingdom|Grade II listed buildings in Reading|Monuments and memorials in Berkshire|Outdoor sculptures in England|Sculptures of lions|Second Anglo-Afghan War|1886 sculptures|Iron sculptures in the United Kingdom|1886 establishments in England |
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