“Majdanpek”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Majdanpek ({{lang-sr-cyr|Мајданпек}}) is a town and municipality located in the Bor District of the eastern Serbia. According to 2011 census, the municipality of Majdanpek had a population of 18,686 people, while the town of Majdanpek had a population of 10,109.

Name

The name "Majdanpek" is derived from the words majdan meaning "quarry" (from Arabic maydān) and pek meaning "much, big, very" in Turkish. In Serbian Vlach (and Romanian), the town is known as simply Maidan.

History

The transition out of the Stone Age occurred between 6000 BCE and 2500 BCE for much of humanity living in North Africa and Eurasia. The first evidence of human metallurgy dates to between the 5th and 6th millennium BCE in the archaeological sites of Majdanpek, Yarmovac, and Pločnik in modern-day Serbia (a copper axe from 5500 BCE belonging to the Vinca culture), though not conventionally considered part of the Chalcolithic or "Copper Age", this provides the earliest known example of copper metallurgy.^[3] Chalcolithic excavations exist in Kapetanova Pecina, Praurija, Kameni Rog and Roman site of Kamenjar.

The town is famous as a copper mine district, since the early 17th century. The origin of the name is based on words majdan (related to Turkish madän, mine) and river Pek - mine on river Pek. Throughout its history, mining development was held by many foreign owners (Czechs, Belgians, Austrians), and was extensively exploited. The town was industrialized in the mid-20th century, by the industrial program supported by SFR Yugoslavia's Government of that time, and the personal influence of J.B.Tito (marshal and lifetime prime minister since the end of World War II until 1980). Through the late 20th century, the town was in a period of industrial progress and one of the most developed areas in copper mining and metallurgy.

Geography

Climate

Majdanpek has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb).

{{Weather box
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Majdanpek
| Jan high C =1.7
| Feb high C =3.3
| Mar high C =9.1
| Apr high C =14.9
| May high C =19.9
| Jun high C =23.0
| Jul high C =25.6
| Aug high C =25.7
| Sep high C =21.8
| Oct high C =15.3
| Nov high C =7.6
| Dec high C =2.8
| Jan mean C =-1.2
| Feb mean C =0.1
| Mar mean C =4.7
| Apr mean C =9.7
| May mean C =14.6
| Jun mean C =17.6
| Jul mean C =19.6
| Aug mean C =19.5
| Sep mean C =15.9
| Oct mean C =10.6
| Nov mean C =4.4
| Dec mean C =0.3
| Jan low C =-4.0
| Feb low C =-3.1
| Mar low C =0.4
| Apr low C =4.6
| May low C =9.3
| Jun low C =12.2
| Jul low C =13.6
| Aug low C =13.4
| Sep low C =10.0
| Oct low C =5.9
| Nov low C =1.1
| Dec low C =-2.2
| Jan precipitation mm =45
| Feb precipitation mm =44
| Mar precipitation mm =45
| Apr precipitation mm =57
| May precipitation mm =80
| Jun precipitation mm =93
| Jul precipitation mm =72
| Aug precipitation mm =58
| Sep precipitation mm =50
| Oct precipitation mm =44
| Nov precipitation mm =55
| Dec precipitation mm =56
| source = Climate-Data.org ^[4]
}}

Settlements

Demographics

According to the 2011 census results, the municipality of Majdanpek has a population of 18,686 inhabitants.

Ethnic groups

Most of the settlements in the Majdanpek municipality have Serb ethnic majority. The settlement with Vlach ethnic majority is Vlaole. Ethnically mixed settlement with relative Vlach majority is Jasikovo. The ethnic composition of the municipality:^[6]

Tourism

One of the most notable tourist attractions in Majdanpek is Rajkova Pećina (Rajko's Cave).^[7]^[8]

Economy

The following table gives a preview of total number of employed people per their core activity (as of 2017):^[9]

Gallery

Notable people

See also

References

1. ^{{Serbian municipalities 2006}}
2. ^{{Serbian census 2011}}
3. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.stonepages.com/news/archives/002605.html | title=Neolithic Vinca was a metallurgical culture | date=17 November 2007 | publisher=Archaeo News | agency=Reuters | accessdate=25 January 2011}}
4. ^ {{cite web|url= https://en.climate-data.org/location/912263/|title= Climate: Majdanpek, Serbia|publisher= Climate-Data.org|access-date=December 27, 2017}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia |url=http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Knjiga20.pdf |website=Stat.gov.rs |publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia |accessdate=11 January 2017 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714191241/http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Knjiga20.pdf |archivedate=14 July 2014 |df= }}
6. ^{{cite web|title=2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia |url=http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Nacionalna%20pripadnost-Ethnicity.pdf |website=Stat.gov.rs |publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia |accessdate=5 January 2017 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811224233/http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Nacionalna%20pripadnost-Ethnicity.pdf |archivedate=11 August 2014 |df= }}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.serbiatravelers.org/en/destinations/48-eastern-serbia/480-rajkova-cave/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-03-31 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100403223106/http://www.serbiatravelers.org/en/destinations/48-eastern-serbia/480-rajkova-cave |archivedate=2010-04-03 |df= }}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.paundurlic.com/priroda/pecina.htm|title=Turizam - Srbija - Majdanpek - Rajkova pecina - Rajko's cave|website=Paundurlic.com|accessdate=28 December 2017}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=ОПШТИНЕ И РЕГИОНИ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ, 2018.|url=http://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2018/Pdf/G201813045.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia|accessdate=16 March 2019|language=Serbian}}