“Major seventh chord”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Major seventh chord

释义

Examples
Major seventh chord table
Major seventh chords for guitar
See also
Sources

{{Infobox chord|

chord_name=major seventh chord|

first_interval=root|

second_interval=major third|

third_interval=perfect fifth|

fourth_interval=major seventh|

tuning=8:10:12:15^[1]|

forte_number=4-18|

complement=8-18

}}{{Image frame|content=

    {      \\override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f      \ew PianoStaff <<        \ew Staff <<            \\relative c' {                \\stemUp \\clef treble \\key g \\major \\time 4/4

1\\fermata

                }            >>        \ew Staff <<            \\relative c {                \\clef bass \\key g \\major \\time 4/4

1\\fermata \\bar "|."

                }            >>    >> }

|width=300|caption=Dizzy Gillespie's 1956 recording of "Dizzy's Business" ends with a major seventh chord^[2] with root on G.}}In music, a major seventh chord is a seventh chord in which the third is a major third above the root and the seventh is a major seventh above the root. The major seventh chord, sometimes also called a Delta chord, can be written as maj⁷, M⁷, ^{{{music|major}}}, ⑦, etc. For example, the major seventh chord built on C, commonly written as Cmaj⁷, has pitches C–E–G–B:

{

\\override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f

\\relative c' {

   \\clef treble    \\time 4/4   \\key c \\major

} }

It can be represented by the integer notation {0, 4, 7, 11}.

According to Forte, the major seventh chord is exemplified by IV⁷, which originates melodically.^[3]

    {      \\override Score.SpacingSpanner.strict-note-spacing = ##t  \\set Score.proportionalNotationDuration = #(ly:make-moment 1/6)      \ew PianoStaff <<        \ew Staff <<            \ew Voice \\relative c'' {                \\stemUp \\clef treble \\key c \\major \\time 4/4                f4 e d2                }            \ew Voice \\relative c'' {                \\stemDown

                }            >>        \ew Staff <<            \\relative c {                \\clef bass \\key c \\major \\time 4/4                f2_\\markup { \\concat { "IV" \\hspace #1 "IV" \\super \\column { "7" } \\hspace #1 "V" } }                g                }            >>    >> }

The just major seventh chord is tuned in the ratios 8:10:12:15, as a just major chord is tuned 4:5:6 and a just major seventh is tuned 15:8. {{audio|Just major seventh chord on C.mid|Play}}

Examples

In 1888, the French composer Erik Satie composed three slow waltzes, entitled Gymnopédies. The first and best-known of these alternates two major seventh chords. The first eight measures (shown below) alternate between Gmaj⁷ and Dmaj⁷.

   \ew PianoStaff <<      \ew Staff <<         \ew Voice \\relative c'' {             \\clef treble \\key d \\major \\time 4/4             \\tempo "Lent et douloureux"             \\voiceOne R2. R2. R2. R2. r4 fis( a g fis cis b cis d a2.)             }         \ew Voice \\relative c' {             \\override DynamicLineSpanner.staff-padding = #2             \\voiceTwo \\stemUp \\crossStaff { \\override Stem.length = #7 r4\\pp 2 r4 2 r4 2 r4 2 r4 2 r4 2 r4 2 r4 2 }              }         \ew Voice \\relative c' {             \\dynamicUp s2. s2. s2. s2. s4 s2\\< s2. s2 s4\\!\\> s2 s4\\!              }            >>     \ew Staff <<         \ew Voice \\relative c' {             \\clef bass \\key d \\major \\time 3/4             \\voiceOne \\stemUp \\override Stem.length = #8 s4 \\crossStaff { b2 s4 a2 s4 b2 s4 a2 s4 b2 s4 a2 s4 b2 s4 a2 }             }         \ew Voice \\relative c {             \\voiceTwo g2. d g d g d g d             }         >>    >>

Later examples of tonic major seventh chords include The Beatles' "This Boy", Bread's "Make It With You", America's "Tin Man", Blood Sweat & Tears' "You've Made Me So Very Happy", third and main part of Paul McCartney and Wings' "Band On The Run", Carly Simon's "The Right Thing To Do" Rupert Holmes' "Him" and Chicago's "Colour My World".^[4]

Moving into the 70's to replace the prominence of the dominant seventh chord as a stable tonic more common in the first fifteen years of the rock era, the major seventh was common in all styles, "pervading soul, country rock, soft rock, MOR (middle-of-the-road styles), jazz rock, funk, and disco."^[4] Music theorist Ken Stephenson continues:

{{quote|In soul and disco, a tonic minor seventh harmony often alternated with a dominant seventh or dominant ninth chord on {{music|scale|4}} ['Lady Marmalade' & 'Le Freak']... In other styles, major seventh and minor seventh chords generally mix (usually with eleventh chords...) to create a diatonic composite in either major or minor mode.... The most famous major seventh chord in the history of music, [is] the one that opens... 'Colour My World', even though the song departs from the usual pattern described above by 'colouring' the harmonic succession with several chromatic chords. Still, seven of that song's fourteen chords, including the tonic, are major sevenths or ninths, demonstrating the primacy of that chord type.^[4]|sign=|source=}}Pieces which feature prominent major seventh chords include: "This Guy's in Love with You" by Burt Bacharach and Hal David, Chick Corea's "Litha", Joe Henderson's "Inner Urge", John Lennon's "Imagine", Freddie Hubbard's "Little Sunflower", Tower of Power's "So Very Hard to Go", Carole King's "It's Too Late", Michel Legrand's "Watch What Happens", Antonio Jobim's "Dindi", Red Hot Chili Peppers' "Under The Bridge", Tadd Dameron's "Lady Bird",^[5] and Smashing Pumpkin's "1979".

Major seventh chord table

Chord	Root	Major third	Perfect fifth	Major seventh
Cmaj⁷	C	E	G	B
#maj⁷	#}}	#}} (F)	#}}	#}} (C)
bmaj⁷	b}}	F	b}}	C
Dmaj⁷	D	#}}	A	#}}
#maj⁷	#}}	##}} (G)	#}}	##}} (D)
bmaj⁷	b}}	G	b}}	D
Emaj⁷	E	#}}	B	#}}
Fmaj⁷	F	A	C	E
#maj⁷	#}}	#}}	#}}	#}} (F)
bmaj⁷	b}}	b}}	b}}	F
Gmaj⁷	G	B	D	sharp}}
#maj⁷	#}}	#}} (C)	#}}	##}} (G)
bmaj⁷	b}}	C	b}}	G
Amaj⁷	A	#}}	E	#}}
#maj⁷	#}}	##}} (D)	#}} (F)	##}} (A)
bmaj⁷	b}}	D	F	A
Bmaj⁷	B	#}}	#}}	#}}

Major seventh chords for guitar

In standard tuning, the left is the low E string. To the right of the | is another way of playing the same chord. x means mute the string. (The Amaj⁷ demonstrates the movable chord shapes.)

Amaj⁷: xx7654 | xxx224 | xx7999 | x02120 | 576655
Bmaj⁷: x24342 | 7988xx
Cmaj⁷: x35453 | x32000
Dmaj⁷: xx0222 | x57675
Emaj⁷: xx2444 | 021100
Fmaj⁷: xx3555 | 103210 | xx3210
Gmaj⁷: xx5777 | 320002

Sources

1. ^Shirlaw, Matthew (1900). The Theory of Harmony, p.86. {{ISBN|978-1-4510-1534-8}}.
2. ^Walter Everett (Autumn, 2004). "A Royal Scam: The Abstruse and Ironic Bop-Rock Harmony of Steely Dan", p.205, Music Theory Spectrum, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 201–235.
3. ^Forte, Allen (1979). Tonal Harmony in Concept & Practice, p.150. {{ISBN|0-03-020756-8}}.
4. ^¹²Stephenson, Ken (2002). What to Listen for in Rock: A Stylistic Analysis, p.83. {{ISBN|978-0-300-09239-4}}. "...the most famous major seventh chord in the history of music, the one that opens Chicago's 'Colour My World'..."
5. ^Radley, Roberta (2011). The "Real Easy" Ear Training Book, pages unmarked. {{ISBN|9781457101427}}

{{Chords}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Major Seventh Chord}}Acord de sèptima#Acord de sèptima major

1 : Seventh chords

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Examples

Major seventh chord table

Major seventh chords for guitar

See also

Sources