词条 | Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad |
释义 |
Makkah Masjid or Mecca Masjid, is a congregational mosque in Hyderabad, India. It is one of the largest mosques in India with a capacity of 20,000. The mosque was built between the 16th and 17th centuries, and is a state-protected monument situated in the heart of the old city of Hyderabad, close to the historic landmarks of Charminar, Chowmahalla Palace and Laad Bazaar. Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, the fifth ruler of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, commissioned bricks to be made from the soil brought from Mecca, the holiest site of Islam, and used them in the construction of the central arch of the mosque, thus giving the mosque its name. It formed the centerpiece around which the city was planned by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah.[2]History and constructionMakkah Masjid was built during the reign of Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, the fifth Qutb Shahi Sultan of Golconda (now Hyderabad). The three arched facades have been carved from a single piece of granite, which took five years to quarry. More than 8,000 workers were employed to build the mosque. Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah personally laid the foundation stone and constructed it. The construction was abandoned after the death of the Emperor. Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, a French explorer, in his travelogue observed:"It is about 50 years since they began to build a splendid pagoda in the town which will be the grandest in all India when it is completed. The size of the stone is the subject of special accomplishment, and that of a niche, which is its place for prayer, is an entire rock of such enormous size that they spent five years in quarrying it, and 500 to 600 men were employed continually on its work. It required still more time to roll it up on to conveyance by which they brought it to the pagoda; and they took 1400 oxen to draw it."[3] However, the mosque was completed in 1692, on orders of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, after he captured the city.[4] During the rule of the Nizams of Hyderabad, the Nizams (except for the first and last) were buried in the mosque. Bombing{{main|Mecca Masjid bombing}}On 18 May 2007, a bomb exploded inside the Makkah Masjid at the time of Friday prayers, killing at least thirteen people and injuring dozens.[5][6] Architecture and designThe main hall of the mosque is 75 feet high, 220 feet wide and 180 feet long, enough to accommodate 10,000 worshipers at a time.{{Citation needed|reason=It seems it can accommodate 3000 people|date=January 2017}} Fifteen arches support the roof of the main hall, five on each of the three sides. A wall rises on the fourth side to provide Mihrab. At the peak of the minarets flanking the mosque is an arched gallery, and above that a smallish dome and a spire. Inscriptions from the Qur'an adorn many of the arches and doors. The main structure of the mosque is sandwiched between two massive octagonal columns made out of a single piece of granite. The cornices running around the entire mosque structure and the floral motifs and friezes over the arches remind the tourist of the great attention paid to detail in Qutub Shahi architecture. They have a close resemblance to the arches at Charminar and Golkonda Fort. On the four sides of the roof on the main mosque, the ramparts are made of granite planks in the shape of inverted conches perched on pedestals. From the cornice of the mosque, its minarets are not as high as the minarets on the mazaar (Nizams tombs) haven from their cornice. The octagonal columns have arched balconies on level with the roof of the mosque with an awning for a canopy, above which the column continues upwards till it is crowned by a dome and spire. TombsThe entrance courtyard it is best of the mosque, a rectangular, arched and canopied building houses the marble graves ofrulers of the Asaf Jahi dynasty rulers. This structure came up during the rule of the Asaf Jah rulers. It contains the tombs of the Asaf Jahi rulers except the 1st and the last Nizam - Mir Osman Ali Khan-who is buried in Judi Mosque opposite King Kothi Palace[7][8] At both ends of this resting place for the Asaf Jahi's and very much a part of it, are two rectangular blocks with four minarets each. These minarets have elegant and circular balconies with low ornamental walls and arches. Above them is an octagonal inverted platter from which the rest of the minaret soars till it is arrested by a dome and a spire.[9] Maintenance issueThe Makkah Masjid is a listed heritage building, however, lack of maintenance and growing pollution has withered and cracked the structure. It only received a chemical wash in 1995. LegendsOn the edge of the pond are two stone and slab benches, whoever sits on them, according to legend, returns to sit on them A room in the courtyard is believed to house a hair of the Islamic prophet Muhammed. References1. ^{{cite web|last=Google maps|title=Location of Makkah Masjid|url=https://maps.google.com/local_url?dq=Makkah+Masjid,+Hyderabad,+Andhra+Pradesh,+India&q=https://plus.google.com/106896620154709060052/about%3Fhl%3Den&s=ANYYN7lE3lEeok5lVxnXdi7nh1BlkxNfVg&dtab=2|publisher=Google maps|accessdate=24 September 2013}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/371808/Mecca-Mosque|title=Mecca Mosque|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=3 November 2011}} 3. ^Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Travels in India (English translation), Oxford University Press, Humphrey Milford, translated by Ball, London 1925 pg 205. Both volumes translated from Le Six Voyages of J. B. Tavernier (2 vols. 4to, Paris, 1676) 4. ^{{Cite book|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Historic_Landmarks_of_the_Deccan/Chapter_12|title=Historic Landmarks of the Deccan|last=Haig|first=Thomas Wolseley|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=215}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6668695.stm|title=Bomb hits historic India mosque|date=18 May 2007|work=BBC News Online}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-08-08/india/28303594_1_huji-mecca-mosque-blast-abhinav-bharat|title=HuJI ban takes no note of 'terror' role|date=8 August 2010|work=Times of India}} 7. ^http://www.tciconferences.com/html/Full%20Day%20Hyderabad_sarod.htm 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/pictures-50-years-ago-sea-people-turned-death-hyderabads-last-nizam-57707|title=50 years after Hyderabad Nizams death, kin say his contributions neglected|date=Feb 24, 2017}} 9. ^http://deccandigest.com/makkah-masjid-is-dying-does-anyone-in-hyderabad-cares/ External links{{Commons category|Mecca Masjid, Hyderabad, India}}
4 : Mosques in Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad State|Religious buildings completed in 1694|1694 establishments in Asia |
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