“Makkovik”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Makkovik

释义

History
Geography
Geology
Climate
United States Air Force base
References
External links

{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Makkovik
| other_name =Maquuvik
| native_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| motto =
| image_skyline = Makkovik.png
| imagesize = 306px
| image_caption = View of Makkovik.
| image_flag =
| flag_size =
| image_seal =
| seal_size =
| image_shield =
| shield_size =
| city_logo =
| citylogo_size =
| coordinates = {{coord|55|04|38|N|059|11|16|W|region:CA-NL|display=inline}}
| pushpin_map = Canada Newfoundland and Labrador#Canada
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Makkovik in Labrador
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Canada
| subdivision_type1 = Province
| subdivision_name1 = Newfoundland and Labrador
| subdivision_type3 = Region
| subdivision_name3 = Nunatsiavut
| established_title = Settled
| established_date = 1860
| established_title2 = Incorporated
| established_date2 = March 26, 1970
| established_title3 =
| established_date3 =
| government_type =
| government_footnotes =
| leader_title = Mayor (AngajukKâk)
| leader_name = Herbert Jacque
| leader_title1 = Federal MP
| leader_name1 = Yvonne Jones (L)
| leader_title2 = Provincial MHA
| leader_name2 = Randy Edmunds (L)
| leader_title3 = Nunatsiavut Assembly member
| leader_name3 = Kate Mitchell (I)
| unit_pref =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_sq_mi =
| area_land_km2 = 1.97
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_note =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 361
| population_urban =
| population_metro =
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_density_km2 = 182.9
| timezone = Atlantic Time
| utc_offset = -4
| timezone_DST = Atlantic Daylight
| utc_offset_DST = -3
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_ft =
| elevation_m =
| postal_code_type = Canadian Postal code
| postal_code = A0P 1J0
| area_code = 709
| blank_name =
| blank_info =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

Makkovik (Inuit: Maquuvik)^[1] is a town in Labrador in eastern Canada. It had a population of 361 persons in 2011. The main industry is fishing (snow crab) and there is a fishing cooperative.

History

Settled by Torsten Kverna Andersen and his wife Mary Ann Thomas who set up a trading post there in 1860, the population gradually increased over the next three decades as European settlers and Inuit established roots in the community, though this territory since time immemorial was used by Inuit. Colonization was assured in 1896 when the Moravian Church established a mission station and residential school there. Both the mission and school were destroyed by a fire in 1948 but the economy was instilled in the 1950s by two notable events. First was the forceful resettlement to Makkovik of 150 Inuit residents of the northern communities of Nutak and Hebron. Second was the establishment nearby of a radar warning station by the United States government.

The population is mainly composed of residents of mixed Norwegian and Inuit heritage.

Geography

The community lies at the end of a peninsula in northern Labrador about 215 kilometres northeast of Happy Valley-Goose Bay. Travel is by air year round (served by Makkovik Airport) and by boat in summer. Winter travel is by snowmobile. The community is situated on a sheltered bay in a saddle between two hills. In the lee of the northernmost hill is a large copse of tall spruce trees, which is remarkable given the paucity of tree cover for miles around. Now known as the Moravian Wood, there is a small cemetery in the centre.

Geology

The community is located in the Makkovik Province, a Paleoproterozoic accretionary belt which is the smallest defined tectonic component of the Canadian Shield. The Makkovik Province is separated from the Nain Province to the north by the Kanairiktok Shear Zone and from the Grenville Province to the south by the Grenville Front, which marks the northern limit of the widespread Grenvillian deformation. Prior to the opening of the Labrador Sea the Makkovik Province lay adjacent to the Ketilidian Mobile Belt which currently forms part of Southwest Greenland.

Climate

Like most of Labrador, Makkovik has a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) with short, mild summers and very cold winters; however, typically for its region but unusually for subarctic regions generally, precipitation is high with a minimum in the "spring" months from March to May. This high precipitation and cool summers is due to the powerful influence of the Icelandic Low and the Labrador Current on its western side, and gives very heavy snowfall of {{convert|4.11|m|in|1|disp=or}} per year with an average maximum cover of {{convert|0.73|m|in|1|disp=or}} during March and April. The greatest snow depth is {{convert|1.52|m|in|1|disp=or}} on April 17, 1997.

{{Weather box
|location = Makkovik, Newfoundland and Labrador (1981-2010)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan maximum humidex = 10.8
|Feb maximum humidex = 8.3
|Mar maximum humidex = 12.8
|Apr maximum humidex = 15.5
|May maximum humidex = 27.0
|Jun maximum humidex = 36.6
|Jul maximum humidex = 42.6
|Aug maximum humidex = 42.5
|Sep maximum humidex = 31.4
|Oct maximum humidex = 20.6
|Nov maximum humidex = 16.9
|Dec maximum humidex = 8.5
|Jan record high C = 12.0
|Feb record high C = 10.0
|Mar record high C = 13.0
|Apr record high C = 14.0
|May record high C = 28.0
|Jun record high C = 34.5
|Jul record high C = 33.5
|Aug record high C = 34.5
|Sep record high C = 29.0
|Oct record high C = 18.5
|Nov record high C = 16.0
|Dec record high C = 14.0
|Jan high C = -12.6
|Feb high C = -12.1
|Mar high C = -6.2
|Apr high C = 0.5
|May high C = 6.8
|Jun high C = 12.5
|Jul high C = 16.5
|Aug high C = 17.2
|Sep high C = 12.4
|Oct high C = 5.7
|Nov high C = -1.1
|Dec high C = -7.5
|Jan mean C = -16.7
|Feb mean C = -16.5
|Mar mean C = -10.6
|Apr mean C = -3.1
|May mean C = 2.8
|Jun mean C = 7.8
|Jul mean C = 11.6
|Aug mean C = 12.6
|Sep mean C = 8.6
|Oct mean C = 2.8
|Nov mean C = -3.9
|Dec mean C = -11.0
|Jan low C = -20.8
|Feb low C = -20.7
|Mar low C = -15.0
|Apr low C = -6.8
|May low C = -1.2
|Jun low C = 3.1
|Jul low C = 6.7
|Aug low C = 7.9
|Sep low C = 4.7
|Oct low C = -0.1
|Nov low C = -6.7
|Dec low C = -14.5
|Jan record low C = -37.0
|Feb record low C = -37.0
|Mar record low C = -32.5
|Apr record low C = -25.0
|May record low C = -14.0
|Jun record low C = -3.5
|Jul record low C = -1.0
|Aug record low C = 0.0
|Sep record low C = -3.5
|Oct record low C = -15.5
|Nov record low C = -22.0
|Dec record low C = -33.5
|Jan chill = -53
|Feb chill = -58
|Mar chill = -51
|Apr chill = -39
|May chill = -23
|Jun chill = -12
|Jul chill = -4
|Aug chill = 0
|Sep chill = -7
|Oct chill = -27
|Nov chill = -35
|Dec chill = -53
|Jan precipitation mm = 72.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 75.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 72.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 61.8
|May precipitation mm = 52.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 94.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 101.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 97.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 91.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 91.6
|Nov precipitation mm = 84.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 83.9
|unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 2.5
|Feb rain mm = 1.5
|Mar rain mm = 7.2
|Apr rain mm = 15.4
|May rain mm = 33.1
|Jun rain mm = 84.3
|Jul rain mm = 101.1
|Aug rain mm = 97.6
|Sep rain mm = 90.5
|Oct rain mm = 72.7
|Nov rain mm = 22.2
|Dec rain mm = 10.9
|Jan snow cm = 67.5
|Feb snow cm = 73.6
|Mar snow cm = 64.0
|Apr snow cm = 41.8
|May snow cm = 16.5
|Jun snow cm = 8.7
|Jul snow cm = 0.1
|Aug snow cm = 0.0
|Sep snow cm = 1.3
|Oct snow cm = 16.4
|Nov snow cm = 54.8
|Dec snow cm = 66.9
|Jan precipitation days = 14.1
|Feb precipitation days = 12.4
|Mar precipitation days = 14.1
|Apr precipitation days = 13.0
|May precipitation days = 12.7
|Jun precipitation days = 16.4
|Jul precipitation days = 16.7
|Aug precipitation days = 16.4
|Sep precipitation days = 17.0
|Oct precipitation days = 16.4
|Nov precipitation days = 15.7
|Dec precipitation days = 14.9
|Jan rain days = 0.81
|Feb rain days = 0.48
|Mar rain days = 2.3
|Apr rain days = 4.4
|May rain days = 9.2
|Jun rain days = 15.6
|Jul rain days = 16.7
|Aug rain days = 16.4
|Sep rain days = 16.8
|Oct rain days = 13.1
|Nov rain days = 5.0
|Dec rain days = 2.3
|unit rain days = 0.2 mm
|Jan snow days = 13.9
|Feb snow days = 12.1
|Mar snow days = 13.2
|Apr snow days = 9.8
|May snow days = 5.2
|Jun snow days = 2.8
|Jul snow days = 0.05
|Aug snow days = 0.00
|Sep snow days = 0.35
|Oct snow days = 5.8
|Nov snow days = 12.6
|Dec snow days = 13.6
|unit snow days = 0.2 cm
|source = ^[2]
}}

United States Air Force base

For three years in the late 1950s the United States Air Force operated a remote radar base approximately 15 kilometers north of the settlement. Called Cape Makkovik, it was constructed between 1955 and 1957 and operated until 1961, and dismantled later in the decade. It was a "gap-filler" in the Pinetree Line set up to monitor the skies for aircraft approaching from the north.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}

References

1. ^Issenman, Betty. Sinews of Survival: The living legacy of Inuit clothing. UBC Press, 1997. pp252-254
2. ^http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?stnID=6778&lang=e&province=NL&provSubmit=go&page=26&dCode=0

External links

Town of Makkovik
Makkovik - Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador, vol. 3, p. 435-437.

{{NLDivision11}}{{Subdivisions of Newfoundland and Labrador}}{{coord|55|05|N|59|11|W|region:CA_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Makkovik, Newfoundland And Labrador}}

5 : Towns in Newfoundland and Labrador|Populated places in Labrador|History of the Labrador Province of the Moravian Church|Hudson's Bay Company trading posts|Road-inaccessible communities of Newfoundland and Labrador

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