“Malcolm Hailey, 1st Baron Hailey”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

William Malcolm Hailey, 1st Baron Hailey {{postnominals|country=GBR|OM|GCSI|GCMG|GCIE|PC}} (15 February 1872 – 1 June 1969), known as Sir Malcolm Hailey between 1921 and 1936, was a British peer and administrator in British India.

Education

Hailey was a graduate of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, having been educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood, and entered the Indian Civil Service in 1896.

Career

Hailey was Governor of the Punjab from 1924 to 1928, a compromiser with the Akali leadership,^[1] and Governor of the United Provinces 1928 to 1934. He was early convinced of the strength of Indian nationalism, but remained ambivalent about it.^[2]

He was appointed a CIE in 1911, a Companion of the Order of the Star of India in 1915, a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire 1921 and appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Indian Empire in 1928 and a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of India in 1932. In 1936, while he was the Governor of United Provinces, India's oldest national park was created and was named Hailey National Park in his honour (later renamed Jim Corbett National Park). The same year, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Hailey, of Shahpur in the Punjab and Newport Pagnell in the County of Buckingham.^[3] In 1937 he was elected President of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. ^[4] In 1939 he was made a GCMG.

He subsequently spent time on missions to Africa, producing the African Survey in the late 1930s that proved very influential.^[5] He advised limited recognition of African national movements.^[6]

He was invited to a meeting by the Secretary of State for the Colonies, Malcolm MacDonald, in 1939 at which the setting up of the Colonial Social Science Research Council was discussed. In 1942 he was appointed to lead the British Colonial Research Committee.^[7]

In 1948, he was made a member of the Privy Council. His powers of speaking and intellectual synthesis were widely recognised.^[8] He became a member of the Order of Merit in 1956.

Personal life

Lord Hailey died in 1969 aged 97. With his death, the barony became extinct, as his only son and heir, Alan Hailey (1900–1943) had been killed without issue in the Middle East during the Second World War.

Styles

Notes

1. ^Jaito Da Morcha
2. ^Thomas R. Metcalf, Ideologies of the Raj (1994) , p. 227.
3. ^{{London Gazette |issue=34307 |date=21 July 1936 |page=4670 }}
4. ^ {{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.../2015.283411.The-Journal_djvu.txt|title=The Journal Of The Royal Asiatic Society 1937|accessdate=23 April 2018}}
5. ^Robert D. Pearce, The Turning Point in Africa: British Colonial Policy, 1938-48 (1982), p. 43.
6. ^Barbara Bush, Imperialism, Race and Resistance: Africa and Britain, 1919-1945 (1999), p. 263.
7. ^{{cite journal |last1=Hargreaves |first1=J. D. |title=Anglo-Saxon attitudes: A personal note about Sierra Leone Studies |journal=Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer |date=1978 |volume=65 |issue=241 |pages=553–556 |url=http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/outre_0300-9513_1978_num_65_241_2152 |accessdate=2 May 2015}}
8. ^Robin W. Winks, Alaine M. Low, The Oxford History of the British Empire (1999), p. 31.
9. ^{{cite web |last=Lundy |first=Darryl |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p23467.htm#i234666 |title=William Malcolm Hailey, 1st and last Baron |publisher= The Peerage}}{{Unreliable source?|failed=y |date=September 2012}}

References