“Maltenglish”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Maltenglish, also known as Manglish, Minglish, Maltese English or Maltingliż, refers to the phenomenon of code-switching between Maltese, a Semitic language, and English, an Indo-European Germanic language.

Both Maltese and English are official languages in Malta, and about 88% of the Maltese people can speak English as a second language. Various Maltese social groups switch back and forth between the two languages, or macaronically mix lexical aspects of Maltese and English while engaging in informal conversation or writing.^[1]

Prevalence

Recent studies have shown that code-switching is practiced by a third of the population in everyday discourse.^[3]

The most common areas where code-switching occurs is in part of the Northern Harbour District, mainly in the towns of Sliema, St. Julian's, Pembroke, Swieqi, Madliena, San Ġwann and Kappara. These areas are sometimes stereotyped as tal-pepé.^[4]

Examples

English

Maltese

Maltenglish

Mixed case

Give mummy a kiss.

Tiha bewsa 'il-omm.

Tiha kiss 'il-mummy.

In a Maltese sentence

The actor of that film took the limo to meet the director.

L-attur ta' dak il-film mar jiltaqa' mad-direttur bil-limużin.

L-actor ta' dak il-film mar jiltaqa' mad-director bil-limo.

In an English sentence

So tell him I'm coming now, you know, because I can't make it tomorrow.

Mela għidlu li ġejja issa, ta, għax ma nistax għada.

Mela tell him I'm coming now, ta, għax I can't make it tomorrow.

While code switching in English sentences is most predominant in the Northern Harbour District, code switching in a Maltese sentence is much more common throughout the country. This is usually because the Maltese word is not so well known or used. Examples include:

See also

References

1. ^{{cite book|editor1-last=Lasagabaster|editor1-first=David|editor2-last=Huguet|editor2-first=Angel|title=Multilingualism in European Bilingual Contexts: Language Use and Attitudes|date=2007|publisher=Multilingual Matters|isbn=9781853599293|page=189|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XDodTJ1B5AEC&pg=PA189&lpg=PA189#v=onepage&q&f=false}}
2. ^{{cite news|last1=Palma|first1=Alfred|title=Growing list of Manglish monstrosities|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20111127/letters/Growing-list-of-Manglish-monstrosities.395650|accessdate=13 March 2015|work=Times of Malta|date=27 November 2011}}
3. ^{{cite web|last1=Brincat|first1=Joseph M.|title=Maltese – an unusual formula|url=http://macmillandictionaries.com/MED-Magazine/February2005/27-LI-Maltese-print.htm|publisher=MED Magazine – Issue 27|date=February 2005}}
4. ^{{cite web|last1=Leone-Ganado|first1=Philip|title=Exploring a Stereotype: Sliema Girls Say|url=http://www.sundaycircle.com/2012/06/exploring-a-stereotype-sliema-girls-say/|website=Sunday Circle|accessdate=13 March 2015|date=21 June 2012}}

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20080819213926/http://www6.gencat.net/llengcat/noves/hm04primavera-estiu/docs/a_badia.pdf Ignasi Badia i Capdevila, "A view of the linguistic situation in Malta", Noves SL: Revista de Sociolingüística (2004)]

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9cs7A40oDHU YouTube video on tal-pepé Maltese people with examples of Maltenglish]

3 : Code-switching|Macaronic forms of English|Maltese language