| 词条 | Malter effect |
| 释义 |
The Malter effect is named after Louis Malter, who first described the effect. Following exposure to ionizing radiation (e.g., electrons, ions, X-rays, extreme ultraviolet, vacuum ultraviolet), secondary electron emission from the surface of a thin insulating layer results in the establishment of a positive charge on the surface. This positive charge produces a high electric field in the insulator, resulting in the emission of electrons through the surface. This tends to pull more electrons from further beneath the surface. Eventually the sample replenishes the lost electrons, by picking up the collected secondary electrons through the ground loop.[1][2] References1. ^{{cite book|author=Peter W. Hawkes|title=Advances in electronics and electron physics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LvrGDtL6RvoC&pg=PA34|accessdate=10 March 2012|year=1992|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-014725-0|pages=34–}} 2. ^{{cite book|author1=American Institute of Electrical Engineers|author2=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|title=Radio engineering and electronic physics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QPYqAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=10 March 2012|date=July 1980|publisher=American Institute of Electrical Engineers}} Bibliography
1 : Insulators |
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