1. Common characteristics

2. Examples

3. See also

4. References

5. Related reading

Management fad is a term used to characterize a change in philosophy or operations implemented by a business or institution.

The term is subjective and tends to be used in a pejorative sense, as it implies that such a change is being implemented (often by management on its employees, with little or no input from them) solely because it is (at the time) "popular" within managerial circles, and not necessarily due to any real need for organizational change. The term further implies that once the underlying philosophy is no longer "popular", it will be replaced by the newest "popular" idea, in the same manner and for the same reason as the previous idea.

Several authors have argued that new management ideas should be subject to greater critical analysis, and for the need for greater conceptual awareness of new ideas by managers.^[1] Authors Leonard J. Ponzi and Michael Koenig believe that a key determinant of whether any management idea is a "management fad" is the number and timing of published articles on the idea. In their research,^[2] Ponzi and Koenig argue that once an idea has been discussed for around 3–5 years, if after this time the number of articles on the idea in a given year decreases significantly (similar to the right-hand side of a bell curve), then the idea is most likely a "management fad".

Common characteristics

Management fads are often characterized by the following:

• New jargon for existing business processes.
• External consultants who specialize in the implementation of the fad.
• A certification or appraisal process performed by an external agency for a fee.
• Amending the job titles of existing employees to include references to the fad.
• Claims of a measurable business improvement via measurement of a metric (e.g. key performance indicator) that is defined by the fad itself.
• An internal sponsoring department or individual that gains influence due to the fad's implementation.
• Big words and complex phrases (puffery).

Examples

The following management theories and practices appeared on a list of management fashions and fads compiled by Adrian Furnham,^[3] who arranged them in rough chronological order by their date of appearance, 1950s to 1990s:

• Management by objectives
• Matrix management
• Theory Z
• One-minute management
• Management by wandering around
• Total quality management
• Business process reengineering
• Delayering
• Empowerment
• 360-degree feedback
• Re-engineering
• Teamwork

Other theories and practices which observers have tagged as fads include:

• ISO 9000{{citation needed|date=October 2013}}
• Six Sigma^[4]
• the tendency to replace every occurrence of "data" in compound managerial terminology with "information", see e.g. information integration vs. data integration
• Knowledge management^[5]
• Design thinking
• Lean six sigma
• 5S
• Agile software development^[6]
• Enterprise architecture frameworks^[7][8]
• "thriving on chaos"^[9]

See also

• Philosophy of business
• Organizational performance
• Management consulting: Criticism section
• Dilbert
• Hype cycle
• Business fable

References

Related reading

• Crainer, Stuart and Des Dearlove, “Whatever Happened to Yesterday's Bright Ideas?,” Across the Board, Vol. 43, No. 3, May/June 2006, pp. 34–40.
• Malone, Michael S., “A Way Too Short History of Fads,” Forbes, Vol. 159, No. 7, April 7, 1997 (ASAP supplement).
• Paul, Annie Murphy, “I Feel Your Pain,” Forbes, Vol. 174, No. 13, Dec. 27, 2004, p. 38.
• Strang, David and Michael W. Macy, "In Search of Excellence: Fads, Success Stories, and Adaptive Emulation," American Journal of Sociology, July 2001, Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 147–182.
• {{cite book|author=Ken Hakuta|title=How to Create Your Own Fad and Make a Million Dollars|year=1988|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|isbn=978-0-688-07601-6}}
• {{cite book|author=David V. Collins|title=Management Fads and Buzzwords: Critical-Practical Perspectives|year=2000|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-20640-2}}

For a critique of the practice of branding new management ideas as fads, see

• Collins, David, "The Branding of Management Knowledge: Rethinking Management 'Fads’," Journal of Organizational Change Management, 2003, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 186-204.
• Collins, David, "The Fad Motif in Management Scholarship," Employee Relations, Vol. 23, No. 1, Feb. 2001, pp. 26–37.

For a listicle see:

• The 8 Stupidest Management Fads of All Time, CBS Money

• Clifford Roland Dapper
• Clifford Rose (actor)
• Clifford Rose (neurologist)
• Clifford R. Pearsall House
• Clifford R. Robinson
• Clifford Sanderson
• Clifford S. Asness
• Clifford Scott (psychoanalyst)
• Clifford S. Elfelt
• Clifford Serwa
• Clifford Severn
• Clifford's Fort
• Clifford S. Gardner
• Clifford Shaw Thompson
• Clifford Shopbell
• Clifford Shopbell & Co.
• Clifford Simak
• Clifford Skeggs
• Clifford Sloan
• Clifford Smith (disambiguation)
• Clifford Smith (rapper)
• Clifford Starks
• Clifford Street
• Clifford (surname)
• Clifford Swann