| 词条 | Mandevilla sanderi | |||||
| 释义 |
|image = Flower-center142058.jpg |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Asterids |ordo = Gentianales |familia = Apocynaceae |genus = Mandevilla |species = M. sanderi |binomial = Mandevilla sanderi |binomial_authority = (Hemsl.) Woodson |synonyms =
|synonyms_ref =[1] |}}Mandevilla sanderi, also called Dipladenia sanderi and Brazilian jasmine,[2] is a vine belonging to the genus Mandevilla.[3] Grown as an ornamental plant, the species is endemic to the State of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.[4] It is a rapidly growing, creeping, perennial plant, pruning shoots about 60 cm per year.[3] EtymologyThe genus name Mandevilla was awarded by John Lindley, a botanist, in memory of Henri Mandeville (1773-1861), one of his fellow British gardening enthusiast who was a diplomat in Buenos Aires (Argentina). The sanderi species name refers to Henry Frederick Conrad Sander (1847-1920), a horticulturist and collector from Hertfordshire (in the UK) who brought back the plant from Brazil.[5] In 1896 WB Hemsley of Kew Gardens gave the first botanical description of the plant he named Dipladenia sanderi Hemsl. But in 1933 Robert E. Woodson, who had undertaken a large taxonomic study of the Apocynaceae , made significant changes in the Mandevilla constituency. By including several genres including Dipladenia inside Mandevilla, the plant ended up with the name Mandevilla sanderi.[6] DescriptionMandevilla sanderi is a shrub with a naturally bushy habit, 2 to 3 meters high, or 4.5 meters (15 feet) if the climate is warm, able to develop long woody stems based on lignin and climbs by twining around some support. This twining growth is characterized by long internodes, small leaves and a stem rarely carrying flowers. The plant contains a white latex, viscous, toxic, which can be irritating. It has fine roots and large tuberous roots that contain starch and a reserve of water that allows it to withstand drought. The evergreen, petiolate, thick, leathery, dark green leaves are opposite, which grow to 6 cm (2.5 in) long.[3] The blade is ovate-elliptical, 5–6 cm long, with a glossy upper surface and a thick epidermis. The apex is shortly acuminate.[7] The inflorescences are simple racemes, usually terminal (sometimes axillary) that gather at a given moment, 3-4 pimples and a large blooming pink-red flower, 4 to 7 cm in diameter. Each flower has a chalice in cup with five teeth lanceolate-subulate scarious, a large corolla infundibular pink (funnel-shaped) formed of a cylindrical tube of 4–5 mm in diameter, which widens abruptly in a tube 15-18 × 25–30 mm, terminated by 5 oval lobes, acuminate, spreading, partially overlapping. The five stamens included include threads inserted into the tube and connective anthers, forming a ring around the head. The long flowering period extends from spring to autumn. The flowers grow gradually from early summer to late winter, growing 2-3 on stalks in the leaf corners. The fruit is dry, capsular, formed of two long follicles, opening lengthwise like a silique. CultivarsMany cultivars have been created:
Other cultivars: Mandevilla 'Red Riding Hood' with pale red flowers, 'My Fair Lady' with white flowers, yellow throats and pink buds, 'Alba' with white flowers, 'Rosea' with pale pink flowers and yellowish throat, etc.[3] UsageIn temperate regions of Europe, it is usually grown in pots indoors and possibly outdoors in the summer. Horticultural forms are generally sold under the name of Dipladenia. Indoors, the plant must be installed in a bright area, protected from drafts. Outside, it is to be placed in a warm and bright place, in the sun, while ensuring that the midday sun does not spoil it. In the open ground, once well installed, it supports well drought. But in case of frost, it would die immediately. The plant requires regular watering during the flowering period, allowing the soil to dry well between two waterings. It prefers to be sprayed with non-calcareous water. Every two weeks, it is recommended to add fertilizer for flowering plants when watering summer. The most important condition for the success of the crop is to provide the plant with a constant and high humidity of the air.[3] GalleryReferences1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-119351|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q3018376}}2. ^{{GRIN | accessdate = 21 January 2018}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 "Botanica. The Illustrated AZ of over 10000 garden plants and how to cultivate them", p. 563. Könemann, 2004. {{ISBN|3-8331-1253-0}} 4. ^Kew World Checklist of Selected plant Families 5. ^R. E. Woodson, 1933 In: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 20: 720 6. ^Wahiba Boutebtoub , " Localizing Starch Reserves in Mandevilla sanderi (Hemsl.) Woodson Using a Combined Histochemical and Biochemical Approach, " HortScience , vol. 44, n o 7,January 12, 2009, p. 1879-1883 ( ISSN 0018-5345 7. ^Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed) (13 augusti 2014). 7 : Mandevilla|Endemic flora of Brazil|Flora of Rio de Janeiro (state)|Plants described in 1896|Flora of South America|Ornamental plants|Garden plants of South America |
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