| 词条 | Mandritsa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Mandritsa ({{lang-bg|Мандрица}}, "small dairy"; {{lang-sq|Mandrica}} or {{lang|sq|Mandricë}}) is a village in southernmost Bulgaria, part of Ivaylovgrad municipality, Haskovo Province. It is known as the only Albanian village in Bulgaria. As of 14 December 2006, Mandritsa has a population of 75. It lies at {{coord|41|23|N|26|8|E}}, 93 m above sea level. Mandritsa is located on the right bank of the Byala Reka in the easternmost Rhodope Mountains, 15 km south of Ivaylovgrad and 2 km west of the Luda reka, which forms the border with Greece. HistoryOttoman ruleThe village was founded in 1636[1] by Eastern Orthodox Albanian dairymen who supplied the Ottoman Army. They were allowed to pick a tract of land and were freed from taxes. The bulk of the local Albanian speakers arrived in the 18th century from around Korçë[2] and in the 19th century from the region of Souli in Epirus.{{cn|date=March 2013}} The locals preserved their Souliot national dress until the 19th century, when the fustanella was substituted by Thracian breeches.{{cn|date=March 2013}} However, the female dress was preserved until the mass emigration to Greece in 1913. In the 19th century, Mandritsa was a small town of Greek-identifying Albanians in the kaza of Didymoteicho.[3] In 1873, it was a village of 250 households with 1,080 Albanian residents. The main occupations were sericulture, tobacco growing, manufacture and trade. The village had three Greek educational institutions: a school for boys, a school for girls and a kindergarten. Bulgaria and emigrationMandritsa was liberated from Ottoman rule on 15 October 1912, during the First Balkan War, by military units of the First Bulgarian Army, but was once again occupied by the Ottomans during the Second Balkan War. According to the Treaty of Constantinople, it was ceded to Bulgaria. A large number of the residents fled back to the Ottoman Empire, where they remained as refugees for six months before heading to Greece in 1914 through Constantinople and Rodosto. Of the 480 families of the time, only 40 remained in Bulgaria, while 100 settled in the village of Hambarköy near Kilkis, which was renamed Mandres in their honour, while the others populated other villages in Greek Macedonia and Western Thrace. The Bulgarian government settled Bulgarian refugees from Thrace and Macedonia (from the region of Edessa). In 1929, another wave of emigration to Greece followed. TodayToday, Mandritsa is a small village of around 70 residents, part of them still speaking a distinct Tosk Albanian dialect. The village has well-preserved Greek-style three-storey adobe and brick houses which represent the Thracian style featuring wood-carved ceilings, wrought iron balconies and columns. Mandritsa has two churches: the small single-naved cemetery church of St Nedelya built in 1708, which is one of the oldest churches in the Eastern Rhodopes, and the three-naved village church of St Demetrius constructed in 1835, which is partially destroyed, but planned to be reconstructed. As of 2016, Mandritsa has a newly-built small hotel with a bar and a restaurant. The hotel bears the name Bukor shtepi, Albanian for "beautiful house".[4] Language
Footnotes1. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.digsys.bg/bgnews/show_story.html?issue=237801728&media=3669536&class=5282812&story=237807648 |title=Албанска приказка умира на 50 км от Любимец |accessdate=2007-03-08 |date=2001-03-29 |last=Саръмов |first=Росен |publisher=Марица днес |language=Bulgarian |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20070330022637/http://www.digsys.bg/bgnews/show_story.html?issue=237801728&media=3669536&class=5282812&story=237807648 |archivedate=2007-03-30 |df= }} 2. ^сп. Тема, Понеделниците на Мандрица, Искра Ценкова. 3. ^{{cite book |title=Македония и Одринско. Статистика на населението от 1873 г. |publisher=Macedonian Scientific Institute |location=Sofia |year=1995 |pages=57}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.momichetataotgrada.com/article/naj-neochakvano-posreshhane-v-selo-mandrica.html?image=1#.VuFAaZN950I|title=Най-неочаквано посрещане в село Мандрица|last=Калицин|first=Лили|date=2016-03-09|publisher=Момичетата от града|language=Bulgarian|accessdate=10 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310200747/http://www.momichetataotgrada.com/article/naj-neochakvano-posreshhane-v-selo-mandrica.html?image=1#.VuFAaZN950I|archive-date=2016-03-10|dead-url=yes|df=}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.zompist.com/numbers.htm |title=Numbers in Over 5000 Languages |accessdate=2007-03-08 }} References
External links{{commonscat|Mandritsa}}
6 : Villages in Haskovo Province|Populated places established in 1636|Albania–Bulgaria relations|Albanians in Bulgaria|1636 establishments in the Ottoman Empire|Albanian dialects |
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