| 词条 | Manitou Islands (Lake Nipissing) |
| 释义 |
The Manitou Islands are a series of small islands in Lake Nipissing, in Nipissing District, Ontario, Canada. The islands form a circle and lie {{convert|10|km|mi|0}} southwest of North Bay. HistorySamuel de Champlain visited the islands in 1613 and called them "pretty".[1] Fur traders found the island a handy resting spot, and often would camp overnight. Today the islands' sand beaches continue to be a popular resting and recreation spot for many boaters. Lime was quarried on the islands in the 1880s when the Canadian Pacific Railway was built, and a lime kiln was operated to create lime for mortar.[1] Great Manitou Island, the largest of the islands, once held a dance hall and hotel, but it burned to the ground.[2] Uranium mining was conducted on Newman Island in the 1950s.[3] Local legend says that the island is haunted by the Nipissing people who died of starvation after battling the Iroquois and being forced to flee the islands.[4] In 1972 the wreck of the steamship John B. Fraser was found between Goose Island and the Manitou Islands, in {{convert|14|m|ft}} of water. GeographyThe total area of the islands is {{convert|100|ha|acre|0}}, and the total perimeter is {{convert|5|km|mi|1}}. The five islands are:
Provincial parkToday the islands are protected as Manitou Islands Provincial Park.[5] GeologyThe Manitou Islands lie inside the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben and are part of an eroded volcanic pipe,[6] leaving the multiple islands. The volcanic pipe formed by the violent, supersonic eruption of a deep-origin volcano. These volcanoes originate at least three times as deep as most other volcanoes, and the resulting magma that is pushed toward the surface is high in magnesium and volatile compounds such as water and carbon dioxide. As the body of magma rises toward the surface, the volatile compounds transform to gaseous phase as pressure is reduced with decreasing depth. This sudden expansion propels the magma upward at rapid speeds, resulting in a shallow supersonic eruption. The Manitou Islands contain the uncommon rock types of fenite and syenite. Minerals found associated with these rocks include: pyroxenites, amphibole, apatite, biotite, calcite, magnetite, monazite, nepheline, pyrite, pyrochlore, pyroxene and quartz.[7] The nearby Callander Bay is also a volcanic pipe. See also{{Portal|Volcanism of Canada}}
References1. ^1 {{cite news|title= The aboriginal connection to the Manitous goes back centuries|last= Mackey|first= Doug|url= http://www.pastforward.ca/perspectives/June_182004.htm |work= Heritage Perspectives|publisher= Past Forward Heritage Limited|date= 2004-06-18|accessdate= 2009-06-08}} 2. ^{{cite news|title= The Manitou Island Provincial Nature Preserve|last= Mackey|first= Doug|url= http://www.pastforward.ca/perspectives/may_212004.htm |work= Heritage Perspectives|publisher= Past Forward Heritage Limited|date= 2004-05-21|accessdate= 2009-06-08}} 3. ^{{cite news|title= Mining on the Manitous…a thing of the past|last= Mackey|first= Doug|url= http://www.pastforward.ca/perspectives/June_252004.htm |work= Heritage Perspectives|publisher= Past Forward Heritage Limited|date= 2004-06-25|accessdate= 2009-06-08}} 4. ^{{cite news|title= The Manitou Islands of Lake Nipissing|last= Trembley|first= Marla|url= http://northernontario.travel/northeastern-ontario/the-manitou-islands |accessdate= 2015-06-28}} 5. ^{{cite web|title= Manitou Islands|url= http://www.ontarioparks.com/English/mani.html |publisher= Ontario Parks|date= 2008-07-03|accessdate= 2009-06-08}} 6. ^{{cite web|title= Background Geology of the North Bay area|url= http://home.cogeco.ca/~nananne/backgroundgeology/070211-BackgroundGeology-w.html |accessdate= 2007-09-24 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071220210918/http://home.cogeco.ca/~nananne/backgroundgeology/070211-BackgroundGeology-w.html |archivedate = 2007-12-20}} 7. ^{{cite web|title= Other localities - Canada|url= http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/can.htm |accessdate= 2007-09-28}} Site information taken from {{cite book |title= Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 1, North and South America|last= Woolley|first= Alan R|year= 1987|publisher= British Museum (Natural History)|location= London|isbn= 978-0-565-00971-7|oclc= 220114352}} }}{{refbegin}}
4 : Diatremes of Ontario|Proterozoic volcanoes|Lake islands of Ontario|Landforms of North Bay, Ontario |
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