| 词条 | Manuel Dominguez | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name=Manuel Dominguez |image=Manuel Dominguez.jpg |birth_date= January 26, 1803 |birth_place=Alta California |death_date=October 11, 1882 |death_place=Los Angeles County |occupation=Rancher, landowner, judge, mayor }} Manuel Dominguez (1803–1882) [1] was born at Mission San Juan Capistrano, in the colonial Las Californias province of the Spanish Viceroyalty of New Spain (colonial México). His life spanned the Spanish, Mexican, and American eras in California. Dominguez was the heir to the vast Rancho San Pedro land grant in the Los Angeles Basin.[2] Eldest son of Cristobal Dominguez, he is credited with the solidification of the Rancho San Pedro with a new Mexican land grant and an American patent and with the development of the rancho, and erecting the Dominguez Rancho Adobe as rancho headquarters above the Los Angeles River floodplain in the Dominguez Hills, located on the border between Compton, California and Carson, California. Beginning in 1828, Dominguez embarked on a lengthy career of public service, in addition to his business interests. His political service included Alcalde (Mayor) of the Pueblo de Los Ángeles and Third Prefect of the Southern District of Alta California. Referred to as Don Manuel Dominguez, he was born into a prominent Alta California family. In the colonial Spanish racial classification system sistema de castas he was an Español Criollo. The gente de razón[3] family traced itself through pure blood generations in Mexico to ancestors in Catalonia Spain.[4] He was born January 26, 1803, baptized Luis Gonzaga Policarpo Manuel Antonio y Fernando Dominguez. Baptismal data at Yglesia del Real Presidio de San Diego indicates father as Christobol Dominguez of military status: Cabo de la compañia de cuera deste Presidio and mother as Maria Reyes Yvañez. Godparents are shown as Maria Gorgona Valencuela and Manuel Rodriguez.[1] Rancho San PedroManuel Dominguez inherited the Rancho San Pedro[4] in 1825 from his father, Cristóbal Domínguez. Manuel and his two brothers settled on the ranch, building adobe homes.[5] The land was originally granted to his great-uncle, Juan José Domínguez (1736-1809) a Spanish soldier in New Spain. In 1769, with Fernando Rivera y Moncada, he was in the first group that arrived at the site of and founded the Presidio of San Diego in Alta California. Domínguez served with Gaspar de Portolà and Junípero Serra on the Portolà expedition, the first European land exploration of present-day California. It traveled north from San Diego to the San Gabriel Valley, Los Angeles Basin, San Fernando Valley, Monterey Bay, and San Francisco Bay. In 1784, Juan José Domínguez received a land grant grazing concession named Rancho San Pedro, {{convert|75000|acre|km2|-1}} of land and one of the first in California, by the upper Las Californias military Governor Pedro Fages on behalf of King Charles III of Spain. It included what is today the entire Port of Los Angeles; San Pedro, Los Angeles; Harbor City, Los Angeles; Wilmington, Los Angeles; Carson; Compton; the Dominguez Hills; Lomita; the Palos Verdes Peninsula; Redondo Beach; Hermosa Beach; Manhattan Beach; and Torrance. The Rancho was regranted by the Mexican government in 1822 after Mexico became independent from Spain. On December 18, 1858 the United States government patented the 43,119 acre claim by Manuel Dominguez.[6] On May 25, 1869 Manuel Domínguez a grant to the Los Angeles and San Pedro Railroad of a 100-foot right of way through the Rancho San Pedro. Operation of the Los Angeles and San Pedro Railroad through the Rancho San Pedro began in 1869. Additional right of way from Wilmington to Rattlesnake (Terminal) Island to the Los Angeles and San Pedro Railroad was granted in 1871.[4] This was the forerunner of today's Alameda Corridor, an express route for to and from the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. Ownership DisputesDisputes of Manuel Domínguez’s ownership of Rancho San Pedro originated with events that occurred while California was under Spanish rule. When Juan José Domínguez died in 1809 and left half of his estate to Cristóbal Domínguez his nephew, Cristóbal did not aggressively defend his claim.[7] The executor of the estate, Manuel Gutiérrez, paid off the debts of Juan José and moved in, assuming rights of ownership. Gutiérrez built up the Rancho. He gave Jose Dolores Sepúlveda permission to run cattle on part of the land known as los Palos Verdes. Sepúlveda made improvements and built up his herd.[7] In 1817 Cristóbal asserted his claim to the estate demanding Sepúlveda remove his cattle. Governor Sola issued a decree that the Rancho was the property of Juan José Domínguez and ordering Sepúlveda to leave. Sepúlveda refused; resulting in a stalemate. Then in 1822 Cristóbal again obtained from Governor Sola a decree assigning him the land. The decree was to be presented personally to the ‘’Ayuntamiento’’ of Los Angeles. This was performed by Manuel Domínguez. Sepúlveda again refused.[7] Under Mexican rule JUan Dolores Sepúlveda filed a counterclaim based on permission of Gutiérrez, length of residence and substantial improvements to the property. Juan Dolores Sepúlveda died in an Indian revolt. His heirs were children and Manuel Gutiérrez assumed control of operations in their behalf. Doña Sepúlveda, the widow, married Antonio Machado and the family stayed on the Rancho. In 1825 Cristóbal Domínguez died and Manuel Domínguez moved onto the Rancho with his brothers Nasario and Pedro. Manuel kept up his ownership claims. California had become part of Mexico in 1822, Manuel Domínguez sought and received two decrees from Mexican Governor Echeandia for removal of the herds of Machado and Sepúlveda, but Governor Echeandia confused matters by at the same time issuing Sepúlveda a conflicting provisional grant of Rancho de los Palos Verdes. The heirs of Sepúlveda, Machado and Gutiérrez refused the decrees obtained by Manuel Domínguez.[7] In 1834 Manuel Domínguez, Gutiérrez, and the heirs of Sepúlveda; Juan and José Sepúlveda, presented their claims to Governor José Figueroa. In the Arbitration Decree of 1834 he ruled that despite the decrees to vacate, the Sepúlveda's had taken possession in good faith at a time when Cristóbal Domínguez was not asserting his claim. He awarded them the Palos Verdes area. The remainder of Rancho San Pedro went to Manuel Domínguez. Gutiérrez was given no land ownership but could pasture his herds for the remainder of his life.[7] In October of 1838 Nathaniel Pryor, husband of Teresa Sepúlveda, the brother in law of Juan and José Sepúlveda petitioned the Governor asking for four thousand acres of land belonging to Manuel Domínguez on the east side of Palos Verdes. Governor Alvarado denied the petition as the land was in private hands. In 1839 Manuel Domínguez submitted and was granted a petition for los Palos Verdes and the Sepúlvedas were ordered to vacate. José and Juan Sepúlveda filed a cross complaint siting the Arbitration Decree of 1834. In April 1841 Governor Alvarado upheld the Sepúlveda claim, but admonished both parties.[7] Manuel Domínguez proposed a private settlement. The boundaries between the Ranchos were surveyed. In June 1841 an agreement was signed by the Domínguez family transfering all rights to los Palos Verdes to the Supelvedas. This effectively ended the dispute between the families.[7] Public CareerManuel Domíngue held many public offices in his lifetime. In June 1828 he was appointed as Elector de Partido for the Pueblo of Los Angeles.[4]. In November 1828 Manuel Domínguez was elected to the Pueblo de Los Angeles El Ilustre Ayuntamento (City Council) under Mexican rule. From January 11 to February 19, 1829 he served as delegate to the first Mexican legislature in Alta California, at San Diego. In 1832, at the age of 29, he was elected Alcalde (Mayor) of the Pueblo de Los Angeles.[18] In 1839 he was elected to a second term and in 1842 he was elected to a third term as Alcade.[4] [8]From 1833 to 1834, Manuel served as a representative from Los Angeles pueblo to the Mexican Provincial Legislature in Alta California's capital of Monterey.[8] In 1836 he was elected Encargado de Justicia, or Justice of the Peace of the San Pedro District.[4] In 1843, he was appointed by the Governor as the Third Prefect of the Southern District of Alta California, which gave Manuel authority over all of present-day Los Angeles and Orange Counties.[8] In 1844 he was appointed Capitán de Defensores, local company of militia. In 1848, from September 3 to October 13,[4] during the transition from Mexican to American rule, Dominguez was one of the eight Californio delegates sent to the constitutional convention in Monterey at which a constitution was drafted preparatory to California's admission to the Union as a state.[9] He was a signer of the first constitution of California.[10] In 1852, Dominguez was elected to the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors.[4] DeathManuel Dominguez passed away after a short illness on October 11, 1882, at the age of 79. Requiem Mass was celebrated at St. Vibiana's Cathedral in Los Angeles by Bishop Mora. The coffin was attended by twelve prominent men in the community, Californios, Anglos, and Europeans. Dominguez was buried at the old Calvary Cemetery (Los Angeles) which is now abandoned. Some time later he and his wife were re-interred in New Calvary Cemetery.[11] LegacyManuel Dominguez is best remembered for keeping the Rancho San Pedro intact, while most of the other large ranchos were quickly broken up following the end of the Mexican era. While diminished in size, the Rancho lands remained in the hands of the Dominguez family via the Dominguez Estate Company, the Dominguez Water Company, and the Watson Land Company.[12] The adobe Manuel built is now both a state and national landmark and is operated as a museum, the Dominguez Rancho Adobe Museum. Manuel Dominguez High School in Compton California was named for him.[13] Heirs of Manuel DomínguezLuis Gonzaga Policarpo Manuel Antonio Fernando Dominguez y Reyes was married to María Engracia de Cota y Nieto, daughter of Rancho Los Cerritos owner Guillermo Cota. Upon Manuel Domínguez's death in 1882, and the passing of his wife just a few months later, the Rancho San Pedro lands were partitioned among his six surviving children[14], all daughters.
See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web |title=Early California Population Project |url=http://missions.huntington.org/BaptismalData.aspx?ID=32570 |website=Early California Population Project Database |publisher=Huntington Library |accessdate=6 March 2019}} 2. ^San Diego mission baptismal records 3. ^{{cite book |last1=McWilliams |first1=Carey |title=Southern California Country An Island on the Land |date=1946 |publisher=Duell, Sloan & Pearce |location=New York |edition=First}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book |last1=Gillingham |first1=Robert Cameron |title=The Rancho San Pedro The Story of a Famous Rancho in Los Angeles County and of its Owners |date=1983 |publisher=Cole-Holmquist Press}} 5. ^The Rancho San Pedro Collection {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618044854/http://archives.csudh.edu:2006/cdm4/RanchoSanPedro.php |date=2010-06-18 }} 6. ^{{cite book |last1=Cowan |first1=Robert G. |title=Ranchos of California a list of Spanish Concessions 1775-1822 and Mexican Grants 1822-1846 |date=1956 |publisher=Academy Library Guild |location=Fresno, California}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book |last1=Fink |first1=Augusta |title=Palos Verdes Peninsula : time and the terraced land |date=1987 |publisher=Western Tanager |location=Santa Cruz, California |isbn=0-934136-37-8}} 8. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last1=McGroarty |first1=John Steven |title=Los Angeles from the Mountains to the Sea |date=1921 |pages=699}} 9. ^{{cite book |last1=Pitt |first1=Leonard |title=The Decline of the Californios |date=1966 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley and Los Angeles |page=42-45}} 10. ^{{cite book |last1=Frost |first1=John |title=History of the state of California. From the period of the conquest by Spain to her occupation by the United States of America. |date=1852 |publisher=Derby and Miller |location=Auburn, New York |ref=Library of Congress Call number 8717611}} 11. ^{{cite news |title=Funeral of Don Manuel Domingues [sic] |agency=Los Angeles Times |date=October 14, 1882 |page=4}} 12. ^{{cite web |last1=Conor |first1=McGarry |title=Cattle and Oil: The Dominguez Struggle for Status |url=https://thetorohistoricalreview.org/tag/manuel-dominguez/ |website=The Toro Historical Review |publisher=Cal State Dominguez Hills |accessdate=21 March 2019}} 13. ^[https://dhs-compton-ca.schoolloop.com/pf4/cms2/view_page?d=x&group_id=1534404073436&vdid=i1n45b1y05v76 Dominguez High School web site] 14. ^{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Bernard |title=Manuel Dominguez |url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/134838717/manuel-dominguez |website=Find A Grave |accessdate=23 March 2019}} External links
13 : Californios|Land owners from California|People of the Californias|People of Mexican California|1803 births|1882 deaths|19th-century Mexican people|American people of Mexican descent|Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors|People from Carson, California|People from San Juan Capistrano, California|19th century in Los Angeles|19th-century American politicians |
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