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词条 Manure-derived synthetic crude oil
释义

  1. See also

  2. References

Manure-derived synthetic crude oil is a synthetic bio-oil chemically engineered (converted) from animal or human manure. Research into the production of manure-derived synthetic fuel began with pig manure in 1996 at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign by the research team led by professors Yuanhui Zhang and Lance Schideman.[1][2] They developed a method for converting raw pig manure into bio-oil through thermal depolymerization (thermochemical conversion). This process uses a thermochemical conversion reactor to apply heat and pressure for breaking down carbohydrate materials.[3][4] As a result, bio-oil, methane and carbon dioxide are produced.[5]

With further research, large-scale chemical processing in a refinery-style environment could help process millions of gallons of "pig biocrude" per day. However, this technology is still in its infancy and could produce only {{convert|18|USoz}} of oil per {{convert|1|USgal}} of manure.[3] In 2006, preparations for a construction of a pilot plant started.[6] It is developed by Snapshot Energy, a start-up firm.[1]

According to the tests conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology pig manure biocrude produced by current technology contains 15% water, sulfur and char waste containing heavy metals, which should be removed to improve the quality of oil.[7][8]

See also

  • Alternative fuels
  • Energy and the environment
  • Poultry litter

References

1. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.news-gazette.com/news/local/2009/07/05/new_economic_development_chief_well-versed_in_trade |title=New economic development chief well-versed in trade |author=Don Dodson |work=The News-Gazette |date=2009-07-05 |accessdate=2009-08-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709075017/http://www.news-gazette.com/news/local/2009/07/05/new_economic_development_chief_well-versed_in_trade |archivedate=July 9, 2009}}
2. ^{{cite news |url= http://www.illinoistimes.com/Springfield/article-2304-energy-hogs.html |title= Energy hogs |author = Nave, R. L. |work= Illinois Times |date=2007-08-22 |accessdate=2009-10-09}}
3. ^1 {{cite news |url= http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/07/0701_040702_pigoil.html |title= Pig Manure Converted to Crude Oil |author = Stefan Lovgren |publisher= National Geographic News |date=2004-07-02 |accessdate=2009-08-28}}
4. ^{{cite news |url= http://www.pantagraph.com/news/article_5074fc61-a50b-5356-8a24-bc593d295399.html |title= When pigs fly? Researcher makes oil from manure |author = Dave Orrick |agency= Associated Press |date=2006-04-28 |accessdate=2009-08-28}}
5. ^{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/20/science/observatory-how-a-pig-s-waste-became-oil.html |title= How a Pig's Waste Became Oil |author = Felipe Galindo |work= The New York Times |date=2004-04-20 |accessdate=2009-08-28}}
6. ^{{cite news |url= http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-15008269_ITM |title= Manure to oil: Illinois team lays groundwork for pilot plant |work= Feedstuffs |date=2006-04-03 |accessdate=2009-08-28}}
7. ^{{cite news |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/3126087.cms |title= Pig poo to help solve global energy crisis? |work= The Times of India |date=2008-06-13 |accessdate=2009-08-28}}
8. ^{{cite news |url= http://eponline.com/articles/2008/06/20/nist-pig-manure-crude-needs-much-refining.aspx |title= NIST: Pig Manure Crude Needs Much Refining |work= Environmental Protection Online |publisher=1105 Media Inc. |date=2008-06-20 |accessdate=2009-08-28}}

4 : Feces|Sustainable technologies|Biofuels|Synthetic fuels
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