| 词条 | Maratus volans |
| 释义 |
| taxon = Maratus volans | image = MalePeacockSpider.jpg | image_caption = Male | image2 = Multi-Modal-Courtship-in-the-Peacock-Spider-Maratus-volans-(O.P.-Cambridge-1874)-pone.0025390.s001.ogv | image2_caption = Courtship rituals | authority = (O. P-Cambridge, 1874)[1] | synonyms = |Salticus volans|O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874 |Maratus amoenus|Karsch, 1878 |Saitis volans|Simon, 1901 | synonyms_ref = [1] }} Maratus volans is a species in the jumping spider family (Salticidae), belonging to the genus Maratus (peacock spiders). DescriptionBoth sexes reach about 5 mm in body length. Females and immatures of both sexes are brown but have color patterns by which they can be distinguished from related species. Also, the males dance to attract females. BehaviorThe red, blue and black colored males have flap-like extensions of the abdomen with white hairs that can be folded down. They are used for display during mating: the male raises his abdomen, then expands and raises the flaps so that the abdomen forms a white-fringed, circular field of color. The species, and indeed the whole genus Maratus have been compared to peacocks in this respect. The third pair of legs is also raised for display, showing a brush of black hairs and white tips. These legs are also used in a clapping motion to further attract a female's attention. While approaching the female, the male vibrates his abdomen while waving raised legs and tail, and dances from side to side.[2][3]{{better source|date=April 2017}} If the male continues his dance when the female is not interested, she attempts to attack, kill, and feed on him; she may also do this after mating (sexual cannibalism).[4] The male may escape by jumping. The behavior of the female M. volans suggests why the males have developed unique sexual dimorphic features and courtship behavior.[5] M. volans use their colorful opisthosomal flaps to gain the attention of the female. Much of the mating ritual consists however of waving and vibrating the third legs, for between four and fifty-minutes.[6] Jakob Bro-Jergensen states that "When both sexes are allowed to respond optimally by introducing adaptive dynamics to a standard runaway model of condition dependent signaling, multiple signals can coexist even if the signal preferences entail significant costs".[7] He explains that the potential sexual success outweighs the relatively low costs of the mating ritual. The mating behaviour of M. volans is an example of runaway sexual selection where the male risks death in attempting to mate.[8][5][9]DistributionM. volans is confined to specific parts of Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Western Australia and Tasmania).[10]NameOctavius Pickard-Cambridge described the species. It was transferred to the genus Maratus by Marek Żabka in 1991,[11]) noting that "it is difficult to describe adequately the great beauty of the colouring of this spider".[12]The specific name volans means "flying" in Latin; O.P-Cambridge noted that the person who sent him the specimens from New South Wales had told him that he had seen the spiders "actually using [the flaps] as wings or supporters to sustain the length of their leaps."[12] This belief has been debunked by the Australasian Arachnological Society.[13][14] References1. ^1 {{cite web |title=Taxon details Maratus volans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/species/30579 |accessdate=2016-06-17 }} 2. ^https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GgAbyYDFeg 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://amazinglist.net/2013/02/the-peacock-spider-maratus-volans/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-10-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006072621/http://amazinglist.net/2013/02/the-peacock-spider-maratus-volans/ |archivedate=2014-10-06 |df= }} 4. ^Evans, 1990 5. ^1 Thornhill, 1984 6. ^Girard, 2011 7. ^Bro-Jorgensen, 2009 8. ^Prum, 2010 9. ^Bergstrom, 2012 10. ^Platnick 2009 11. ^{{cite web | last =Waldock | first =Julianne M. | title =What's in a name? Or: why Maratus volans" (Salticidae) cannot fly | publisher =www.australasian-arachnology.org | date =20 November 2008 | url =http://www.australasian-arachnology.org/download/Maratus_cannot_fly.pdf | accessdate = 30 September 2013}} 12. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Pickford-Cambridge|first=Octavius|journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History|title= On some new genera and species of araneidea| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ajoVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA180|accessdate=29 September 2013|series=Fourth series|issue=81|volume=14|year=1874 |publisher=Taylor & Francis|location=London|pages=160–182|doi=10.1080/00222937408680951}} 13. ^http://www.australasian-arachnology.org/myths/maratus_cannot_fly 14. ^http://www.australasian-arachnology.org/download/Maratus_cannot_fly.pdf Sources
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4 : Salticidae|Articles containing video clips|Spiders of Australia|Spiders described in 1874 |
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