| 词条 | Marcellin Boule |
| 释义 |
|name = Marcellin Boule |image = IPH Marcellin Boule.jpg |image_size = |caption = |birth_date = 1 January 1861 |birth_place = |death_date = 4 July 1942 |death_place = |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = French |ethnicity = |field = Palaeontology |work_institutions = |alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1 Neanderthal anatomy |author_abbrev_bot =|author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = Wollaston Medal {{small|(1933)}} |religion = |footnotes = |signature = }}Marcellin Boule (1 January 1861 – 4 July 1942) was a French palaeontologist. CareerHe studied and published the first analysis of a complete Neanderthal specimen. The fossil discovered in La Chapelle-aux-Saints was an old man, and Boule characterized it as brutish, bent kneed and not a fully erect biped.[1] In an illustration he commissioned, the Neanderthal was characterized as a hairy gorilla-like figure with opposable toes, according to a skeleton which was already distorted with arthritis. As a result, Neanderthals were viewed in subsequent decades as being highly primitive creatures with no direct relation to anatomically modern humans. Later re-evaluations of the La Chapelle-aux-Saints skeleton have roundly discredited Boule's initial work on the specimen.[2] He was one of the first to argue that eoliths were not manmade.[3] Boule also expressed some scepticism about the "Piltdown man" discovery — later revealed to be a hoax. As early as 1915, Boule recognized that the jaw belonged to an ape rather than an ancient human.[4] However, the Piltdown forgery has been characterised as providing evidential support for Boule's "branching evolution" conclusions drawn from his Neanderthal research — research which is likewise said to have "prepar[ed] the international community for the appearance of a non-Neanderthal fossil such as Piltdown Man."[2] References and sources
1. ^Boule, M. (1920) - Les hommes fossiles - Éléments de paléontologie humaine, Paris, Masson et cie. 2. ^1 Hammond M (1982). The Expulsion of Neanderthals from Human Ancestry: Marcellin Boule and the Social Context of Scientific Research. Social Studies of Science, 12 (1): 1-36. 3. ^Boule, M. (1905) - « L'origine des éolithes », L'Anthropologie, t. XVI, pp. 257-267. 4. ^Boule, M. (1915) - « La paléontologie humaine en Angleterre », L'Anthropologie, t. XXVI. External links
4 : 1861 births|1942 deaths|French paleontologists|Wollaston Medal winners |
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