| 词条 | Marching Mizzou |
| 释义 |
| name = Marching Mizzou | image = University of Missouri logo.svg | image_size = 100px | alt = MU Logo | school = University of Missouri | location = Columbia, Missouri | conference = SEC | founded = {{Start date and age|1885}} | director = Amy M. Knopps | assistant director = Pete Zambito | members = 270 | fight song = Every True Son, Fight Tiger | uniform = Marching Mizzou Mockup Stanbury Uniform 2018.svg | website = {{URL|https://music.missouri.edu/marching-mizzou}} }} Marching Mizzou, M2, or The Big 'M' of the Midwest is the performing marching band for the University of Missouri, founded in 1885 as a college military band. Originally consisting of only 12 members, it is now the largest student organization on the MU campus, drawing students from nearly every major. Marching Mizzou performs at all home football games of the Missouri Tigers football team, in addition to other university events; a reduced band travels to the Tigers' away games, while the entire band regularly follows the team to conference championship games and bowl games. Marching Mizzou's signature drill "Flip Tigers" has been a well-known tradition of its pre-game show since 1960. It is instructed by University of Missouri School of Music faculty. HistoryCadet BandMarching Mizzou began as the University of Missouri Cadet Band in 1885, founded by Frederick Pannell from the encouragement of Lt. Enoch H. Crowder.[1] Initially, membership was limited to members of the school's Corps of Cadets.[2] The band made only one appearance in the 1885 season, at a football game against the University of Kansas and was so well received by the assembled students and alumni that they were asked back to the next season's football games. The Corps obliged, and applications for membership grew quickly. Being a military band, the group performed at both Cadet Corps events and school events, playing music from composers like Beethoven and Wagner.[3] Growing and opening upIn 1903, a student band was created to supplement the military band.[4] Under George Venable, director from 1910 to 1946, the band eventually moved away from military marching and acquired the characteristics of a show band. The big "M" formation appeared in the 1920s, and the band won highest honors in the Big 6 Conference in 1934.[2] Following the dissolution of the Corps of Cadets in 1944,[5] membership was opened every male in the university and the group moved into the Department of Music under the direction of George Wilson.[2] The band's first annual "High School Band Day" was held in 1945, inviting high schools to participate in a massed performance during half-time.[6] In 1956, The University of Missouri Cadet Band split into a concert band, a university band, and the marching band, resembling the current structure.[7] Charles Emmons became director in 1957, and under his direction, women were allowed to join the band in 1958; most bands at the time remained male-only.[8] By 1966, over 50 bands and 4,000 students were participating in Band Day, requiring two sub-conductors to relay cues to the entire group.[9] Membership swelled up to 231 in 1969 under Alexander Pickard, and the one credit-hour course counted toward Mizzou's physical education requirement.[8] The Golden GirlsIn 1957, director Charles Emmons added a group of baton-twirling majorettes and two feature twirlers to the band.[10] The group became known as the Golden Girls after purchasing now-iconic gold sequined uniforms in 1965. When Alexander Pickard became director in 1966, he began adding dancing to the Golden Girls' routines. For the next decade, the majorettes evolved into a dance team as their popularity across the campus grew. By the time they ceased carrying their batons in 1976, the group almost entirely was performing as dancers and only carried the batons out of tradition.[11] The Golden Girls gradually became a separate entity from the band,[12] while the few feature twirlers remained a part of Marching Mizzou. The Golden Girls were invited to perform at the Japan Classic after winning the 1991 NCA Collegiate Cheer and Pom Dance competition.[13] They went on to win the same competition again in 1992[14] and 2003. The present head coach, Shannon Fry, has led the Golden Girls since 1997.[10] Notable appearancesMarching Mizzou was invited by President Truman to lead his Inaugural Parade in 1949; however, the Missouri legislature refused to fund the trip. As a consolation, the legislature allowed the band to march at the governor's inauguration in Jefferson City.[15] M2 performed at Wembley Stadium in England in 1975 to 100,000 spectators.[16] In January 2001, Marching Mizzou succeeded in traveling to Washington D.C. to perform in the inaugural parade for President George W. Bush.[17] In March 2012, and then again in 2016, Marching Mizzou traveled to Dublin and Limerick, Ireland to perform in the St. Patrick's Day Parade and an International Marching Competition, respectively.[18] For several years joining the Southeastern Conference, M2 would send a reduced band to every away conference game.[19] Despite receiving substantial boosts in funding in 2014, the then-director Donald Brad Snow claimed that Marching Mizzou is the least-funded marching band in the SEC.[20] Today Marching Mizzou has returned to sending an expanded Mini Mizzou to two away football games per season. M2 todayMarching Mizzou today has 270 band members, including a full color guard, three feature twirlers, and four drum majors. These drum majors serve as the top student leaders in M2, assisting in practices and with show design. The Golden Girls, under the coaching of Shannon Fry, work closely with the bands' leaders and attend two weekly practices with Marching Mizzou. Before every season, the band spends a week learning its pre-game show, preparing stands music, and starting on its half time shows. The MU Bands hosts three annual events for high schools. "M2 Band Day" brings in marching bands from across the state, to practice and perform with M2 at the season's first halftime. The pieces for the performance are often specifically composed to match a variety of experience levels. M2 also hosts a marching competition called "Champion of Champions" and a Homecoming Parade, both open to high school bands.[21] Select members of Marching Mizzou audition to form Mini Mizzou, a pep band founded in 1973 by Tim Lautzenheiser that attends other events on and around campus, including sporting events and requested appearances.[2] Mini Mizzou will follow the Missouri Tigers Volleyball and Basketball teams to selected championship and tournament games. Staff{{prose|section|date=February 2019}}
Pre-gameThe Block "M" formation is a tradition which has existed since the 1920s.[2] For five years upon joining the SEC in 2012, Marching Mizzou would form the Southeastern Conference's logo. Today, M2 has returned to forming the outline of the state of Missouri when playing of the alma mater of the University of Missouri, Old Missouri.[22] Marching Mizzou's Flip Tigers is a drill performed to MU's second fight song, "Fight Tiger". The band sequentially forms the word "MIZZOU" and then completes a rapid, 8-beat transition into the word "TIGERS". This move was created by director Charles Emmons and his assistant John Christie for the 1960 Orange Bowl.[2] Bowl game appearancesMarching Mizzou has supported the Mizzou Tigers at all of the team's bowl games since the marching band was first founded, except for 1979:
References1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.facs.org/about-acs/archives/pasthighlights/crowderhighlight |title=Provost Marshal General Enoch H. Crowder (1859-1932) |author= |date=28 August 2008 |website=American College of Surgeons |publisher=American College of Surgeons |accessdate=27 August 2014}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |url=http://mizzouwire.missouri.edu/stories/2010/marching-mizzou/ |title=Big, brassy Marching Mizzou |last1=Moen |first1=Nancy |last2=Gavin |first2=Ryan |date=3 September 2010 |website=Mizzou Wire |publisher=MU Web Communications |location=Columbia, MO |accessdate=24 August 2014 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160913053318/http://mizzouwire.missouri.edu/stories/2010/marching-mizzou/ |archive-date=13 September 2017 |dead-url=yes}} 3. ^{{cite book |editor-last=Williamson |editor-first=Hugh P. |date=1927 |title=Savitar 1926 |url=http://digital.library.umsystem.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=savitar;cc=savitar;idno=sav1926;seq=417 |location=Columbia, MO |publisher=University of Missouri |page=415 |accessdate=25 August 2014}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.mizzou.com/s/1002/alumni/interior.aspx?pgid=600 |title=Mizzou Lore and Legend |website=Mizzou Alumni Association |accessdate=12 January 2019}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://muarchives.missouri.edu/military.html |title=The Military and Mizzou: 1861-1946 |last1=Dowdall |first1=Aaron |date=March 2005 |website=University Archives |publisher=University Archives |accessdate=25 August 2014}} 6. ^{{cite book |editor-last=Entsminger |editor-first=Bus |title=Missouri Alumnus December 1952 |url=http://digital.library.umsystem.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=alum;cc=alum;idno=alum195212;seq=22 |date=December 1952 |page=20 |location=Columbia, MO |publisher=University of Missouri Alumni Association |accessdate=29 August 2014}} 7. ^{{cite book |editor-last=McDaniel |editor-first=Marilyn |date=1957 |title=Savitar 1956 |url=http://digital.library.umsystem.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=savitar;cc=savitar;idno=sav1956;seq=222 |location=Columbia, MO |publisher=University of Missouri |page=224 |accessdate=25 August 2014}} 8. ^1 {{cite book |editor-last1=Glass |editor-first1=Ginny |editor-last2=Brophy |editor-first2=Betty |title=Missouri Alumnus November-December 1969 |url=http://digital.library.umsystem.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=alum;cc=alum;idno=alum196911;seq=9 |date=December 1969 |pages=9, 11 |location=Columbia, MO |publisher=University of Missouri Alumni Association |accessdate=29 August 2014}} 9. ^{{cite book |editor-last=McQueen |editor-first=Marvin D. |title=Missouri Alumnus November 1966 |url=http://digital.library.umsystem.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=alum;cc=alum;idno=alum196611;seq=15 |date=November 1966|page=13 |location=Columbia, MO |publisher=University of Missouri Alumni Association |accessdate=29 August 2014}} 10. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://mutigers.com/sports/2015/7/29/GG_tradition.aspx |title=Golden Girls Tradition |author= |date=January 3, 2007 |website=MUTIGERS.COM |publisher=CBS Interactive |accessdate=August 24, 2014}} 11. ^{{cite book |editor-last=Lester |editor-first=Brenda |date=1979 |title=Savitar 1979 |url=http://digital.library.umsystem.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=savitar;cc=savitar;idno=sav1979;seq=213 |location=Columbia, MO |publisher=Curators of the University of Missouri |page=213 |accessdate=28 August 2014}} 12. ^{{cite book |editor-last=Stone |editor-first=J. |date=1999 |title=Savitar 1999 |url=http://digital.library.umsystem.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=savitar;cc=savitar;idno=sav1999;seq=150 |location=Columbia, MO |publisher=Curators of the University of Missouri |page=148 |accessdate=28 August 2014}} 13. ^{{cite book |last=Martin |first=Debra |title=Savitar 1991 |url=http://digital.library.umsystem.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=savitar;cc=savitar;idno=sav1991;seq=237 |date=1991 |location=Columbia, MO |publisher=Curators of the University of Missouri |page=242 |accessdate=28 August 2014}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://nda.varsity.com/College/College-Wall-Of-Fame |title=Wall of Fame - College Nationals |author= |date=n.d. |website=National Dance Alliance |publisher=Varsity Brands, Inc. |accessdate=28 August 2014}} 15. ^{{cite interview |last=Mahan |first=Don |title=Tiger Tales |url=http://www.mizzou.com/s/1002/index.aspx?pgid=1115 |publisher=Mizzou Alumni Association |date=n.d. |work=Tiger Tales |accessdate=August 25, 2014}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.m2alumni.org/Articles.html#M2History |title=The History of Marching Mizzou |author= |date=15 July 2015 |website=Marching Mizzou Alumni Band |access-date=8 September 2015}} 17. ^{{cite news |last=Choate |first=Nick |url=http://www.themaneater.com/stories/2001/1/19/marching-mizzou-washington/ |title=Marching Mizzou off to Washington - The Maneater |date=January 19, 2001 |website=The Maneater |publisher=MU Student Publications Board |accessdate=August 24, 2014}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://mubands.missouri.edu/bands/m2/ |title=Marching Mizzou |author= |date=March 21, 2014 |website=School of Music |publisher=Curators of the University of Missouri |accessdate=August 24, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012204606/http://mubands.missouri.edu/bands/m2/ |archivedate=October 12, 2014 |df= }} 19. ^{{cite news |last=Malone |first=Tess |date=21 September 2012 |title=Marching Mizzou takes to the road for SEC football games |url=http://www.columbiamissourian.com/news/higher_education/marching-mizzou-takes-to-the-road-for-sec-football-games/article_43096fe6-d2ce-5ac2-bc67-67d2f47fb3fd.html |newspaper=Columbia Missourian |location=Columbia, MO |publisher=Missourian Publishing Association |accessdate=27 August 2014}} 20. ^{{cite news |last=Finn |first=Heather |date=12 November 2014 |title=Marching Mizzou: the beat of the SEC |url=http://www.voxmagazine.com/news/mizzou/marching-mizzou-the-beat-of-the-sec/article_1b6685d2-c6a4-53cb-9a4e-830ac2cbed68.html |newspaper=Vox Magazine |location=Columbia, MO |publisher=Vox Magazine |accessdate=25 October 2017 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20190315032415/https://www.voxmagazine.com/news/mizzou/marching-mizzou-the-beat-of-the-sec/article_1b6685d2-c6a4-53cb-9a4e-830ac2cbed68.html |archive-date=15 March 2019 |dead-url=no}} 21. ^{{cite web |url=http://mubands.missouri.edu/events/ |title=MU Band Events |author= |date=n.d. |website=School of Music |publisher=Curators of the University of Missouri |accessdate=August 25, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115513/http://mubands.missouri.edu/events/ |archivedate=August 26, 2014 |df= }} 22. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.collegemarching.com/content/the-marching-mizzou-homecoming- |title=The Marching Mizzou Homecoming |last=Meier |first=Travis |date=26 October 2017 |website=collegemarching.com |publisher=Blue Line Media, LLC |access-date=14 March 2019 |quote="Some things had changed since she left. ...the band had replaced the state of Missouri set in pregame with the SEC logo. She reversed this change." |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20190314225908/https://www.collegemarching.com/content/the-marching-mizzou-homecoming- |archive-date=14 March 2019 |dead-url=no}} 23. ^{{cite news |author=JESSI DODGE & NATE BROWN |title=PHOTO GALLERY: Pre-Bowl Parade held on Beale Street in downtown Memphis |url=https://www.columbiamissourian.com/visuals/photos/photo-gallery-pre-bowl-parade-held-on-beale-street-in/collection_811f6fec-0c98-11e9-b85f-2fdc4b656a8a.html |newspaper=Missourian |date=30 December 2018 |access-date=31 December 2018}} 24. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Mizzou will play |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/8814847/ |page=2 |newspaper=The Chillicothe Constitution-Tribune |location=Chillicothe, Missouri |date=8 December 1979 |access-date=8 September 2015}} External links
7 : University of Missouri|College marching bands in the United States|Southeastern Conference marching bands|Musical groups from Missouri|Musicians from Columbia, Missouri|Musical groups established in 1885|1885 establishments in Missouri |
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