| 词条 | Margaret Bayard Smith |
| 释义 |
| name = Margaret Bayard Smith | image = Portrait of Margaret Bayard Smith, by Charles Bird King.jpg | caption = Portrait of Smith, by Charles Bird King | birth_name = Margaret Bayard | birth_date = {{birth date|1778|02|20}} | birth_place = Pennsylvania | death_date = {{death date and age|1844|6|7|1778|2|20}} | death_place = | resting_place = | education = | alma_mater = | known_for = | parents = John Bubenheim Bayard Margaret Hodge | spouse = {{marriage|Samuel Harrison Smith |September 29, 1800|June 7, 1844|reason=her death}} | children = 4 | relations = James Asheton Bayard II (cousin) Charles Hodge (cousin) }}Margaret Bayard Smith (20 February 1778 – 7 June 1844) was a successful author and political commentator in the early Republic, a time when women lived under strict gender roles. Her writings and relationships shaped both politics and society in early Washington. Smith began writing books in the 1820s: a two-volume novel in 1824 called A Winter in Washington, or Memoirs of the Seymour Family,[1] another novel in 1825, What is Gentility?[2][3] She also wrote several biographical profiles, including one of her close friend Dolley Madison for the National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans, published in 1836.[4] Her literary reputation, however, comes primarily from a collection of her letters and notebooks written from 1800 to 1841 and published in 1906 by Gaillard Hunt as The First Forty Years of Washington Society.[5] Early lifeMargaret Bayard was born on 20 February 1778 in Pennsylvania, the seventh of eight children born to Colonel John Bubenheim Bayard (1738–1807) and Margaret Hodge (1740–1780). At the time of her birth, her father was with George Washington at Valley Forge. Her first cousin was Rev. Charles Hodge (1797–1878).[6] Also included in her immediate family were three orphaned children of Col. Bayard's twin brother, Dr. James Asheton Bayard, who had married Margaret Hodge's sister, Ann Hodge. One of the orphaned children was James A. Bayard, who later became a lawyer and politician.[6] CareerSmith was a well known editor and publisher who befriended Thomas Jefferson when they both acted as officers of the American Philosophical Society.[7] In 1800, Smith and her husband moved to Washington. Almost immediately, they became a political power couple. Smith established the first newspaper in Washington City, the Daily Intelligencer, when the government moved from Philadelphia to Washington. When Jefferson took office, he granted Smith a government contract printing The House of Representatives Journal.[8] Margaret's ability to write about her observations made her an ideal partner for Samuel. She often wrote for the paper and other publications, sometimes under her own name, but most often anonymously.[10] As a woman, her role in the new republic was expected to be exclusively domestic. Smith used this role to her advantage by quickly immersing herself in Washington life; befriending local families and politicians and strengthening her relationships with previous acquaintances. Most notably, Mr. and Mrs. Smith became frequent visitors to the White House. Her nearly unlimited access to political figures and inside knowledge of Washington made her an authority on Washington politics and the shaping of the new republic.[8] Margaret's letters to her sisters, and sisters-in-law, were full of insightful details about the political landscape of Washington. Her letters were the first step in establishing herself as a legitimate political thinker. The information in her letters was later published in the Richmond Enquirer and finally in her memoir, which was a political and social exploration of Washington more than a description of her own life.[9][10] I am a woman. And society says, 'Thus far and no further [shall] thou come'—Why then has nature given me a mind so active and enquiring?[4] Her skill and enduring legacy is especially evident in her writings on Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the summer of 1809.[15] She was acutely aware of the state of the nation and understood that the citizenry was in need of reassurance regarding the leadership coming from the President's House. Her commentary during her summer trip firmly established Jefferson's legacy as president as well as shaped his image as "the Sage of Monticello."[8] While visiting Montpelier, the home of James and Dolley Madison, she was a keen observer of Dolley's hospitality and her political performance as the wife of the President. The ease of Dolley's entertaining became her trademark and Smith wrote about it in great detail.[11] Margaret was able to subtly manipulate the minds of the American people and reassure them that the government was physically and metaphorically in good hands. Margaret Bayard Smith managed to do all of this in a time when women were confined to play mother and wife at all times.[12] Personal lifeOn 29 September 1800, at the age of 22, Margaret married Samuel Harrison Smith (1772–1845),[11] her second cousin.[13][14] Soon after the birth of their first child was born in 1801, the family bought a farm, Turkey Thicket, three miles from town (now part of Catholic University). They renamed the farm Sidney. Together, they were the parents of:[22]
Margaret died on 7 June 1844.[17] DescendantsThrough her son, she was the grandmother of John Henley Smith (c. 1844–1907),[15] who married Rebecca Young, Samuel Harrison Smith, who married Alive Hall, and Bayard Thornton Smith (b. 1857), who married Eleanor J. Hyde (d. 1929) (the daughter of George Hyde (1819–1890), an early settler and the Alcalde of San Francisco) in 1882.[16] References
1. ^{{cite book|last1=Bayard Smith|first1=Margaret|title=A Winter in Washington; Or, Memoirs of the Seymour Family|date=1824|publisher=E. Bliss and E. White {{!}} Clayton & Van Norden, Printers.|location=New-York|url=https://archive.org/details/awinterinwashin00smitgoog|accessdate=17 March 2017|language=English}} 2. ^{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Margaret Bayard|title=What is gentility? A moral tale ...|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007092388|publisher=P. Thompson|website=hathitrust.org|accessdate=17 March 2017|date=1 January 1828}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Margaret Bayard Smith (Smith, Margaret Bayard, 1778-1844)|url=http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=Smith%2C%20Margaret%20Bayard%2C%201778-1844|website=onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu|publisher=University of Pennsylvania|accessdate=17 March 2017|language=en}} 4. ^1 {{Cite book|url=http://staging.nyhistory.org/sites/default/files/newfiles/cwh-curriculum/Module%201/Life%20Stories/Margaret%20Bayard%20Smith%20Life%20Story.pdf|title=Women and the American Story: Margaret Bayard Smith|last=|first=|publisher=New-York Historical Society|year=2016|isbn=|location=New York City|pages=}} 5. ^{{cite web|last1=Gaillard|first1=Hunt|last2=Bayard Smith|first2=Margaret|title=The first forty years of Washington society, portrayed by the family letters of Mrs. Samuel Harrison Smith (Margaret Bayard) from the collection of her grandson, J. Henley Smith|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/06040262/|website=loc.gov|publisher=The Library of Congress|accessdate=17 March 2017|language=en}} 6. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Harrison|first1=Richard A.|title=Princetonians, 1776-1783: A Biographical Dictionary|date=July 14, 2014|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=9781400856534|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P9j_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA144&lpg=PA144&dq=Margaret+Hodge+bayard&source=bl&ots=FQE4GWmcX8&sig=dokxK9TBVFyV7Ovi9JkLqxA7wu8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid06Sm19vSAhUFxFQKHVNkBdwQ6AEIMzAF#v=onepage&q=Margaret%20Hodge%20bayard&f=false|accessdate=16 March 2017|language=en}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Margaret Bayard Smith {{!}} Thomas Jefferson's Monticello|url=https://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/margaret-bayard-smith|website=www.monticello.org|publisher=Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia|accessdate=17 March 2017|language=en}} 8. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|last = Allgor|first = Catherine|date = 2012|title = Margaret Bayard Smith's 1809 Journey to Monticello and Montpelier: The Politics of Performance in the Early Republic|jstor = 23546681|journal = Early American Studies |volume=10 |issue=1|doi =|pmid =}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Margaret Bayard Smith|url=http://mallhistory.org/items/show/118|website=mallhistory.org|publisher=Histories of the National Mall|accessdate=17 March 2017}} 10. ^Hunt, Gailliard, ed. The First Forty Years of Washington Society. New York: Scribner, 1906, page 10 11. ^1 2 {{Cite book|title = The First Forty Years of Washington Society|last = Smith|first = Margaret Bayard|publisher = Fredrick Ungar Publishing Co.|year = 1965|isbn =|location = New York|pages =}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Margaret Bayard Smith’s Account of Madison’s Inauguration and Ball, [4 March 1809]|url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/03-01-02-0004|website=founders.archives.gov|publisher=National Historical Publications and Records Commission|accessdate=17 March 2017|language=en}} 13. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Newell|first1=Aimee E.|title=A Stitch in Time: The Needlework of Aging Women in Antebellum America|date=March 15, 2014|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn=9780821444757|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=evJHBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA29&lpg=PA29&dq=Julia+Harrison+Smith+(1801-&source=bl&ots=5Y0AMK00yv&sig=-GSosAjNOIqJO0iCuWa2KsaejGo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQ55nh9N3SAhXhq1QKHX55CtUQ6AEIIDAB#v=onepage&q=Julia%20Harrison%20Smith%20(1801-&f=false|accessdate=17 March 2017|language=en}} 14. ^{{cite book|title=Dictionary of American Biography: Including Men of the Time ... and a Supplement|date=1879|publisher=Houghton; Osgood|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6_kUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA846&lpg=PA846&dq=Jonathan+Bayard+Harrison+Smith+(1810-)&source=bl&ots=G1eAjTcpa7&sig=WSrM7ucfE8qhpCF4nTacZl4Xgkw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjJz4m89d3SAhUCiFQKHSw2C0MQ6AEIQDAJ#v=onepage&q=Jonathan%20Bayard%20Harrison%20Smith%20(1810-)&f=false|accessdate=17 March 2017|language=en}} 15. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Meigs|first1=John Rodgers|title=A Civil War Soldier of Christ and Country: The Selected Correspondence of John Rodgers Meigs, 1859-64|date=2006|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=9780252030765|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kAD2tuG2IYoC&pg=PA292&lpg=PA292&dq=Jonathan+Bayard+Harrison+Smith+(1810-)&source=bl&ots=sJOxdOIELK&sig=Rk68n6leSIVjQi2NxtTJdUkTyDg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjJz4m89d3SAhUCiFQKHSw2C0MQ6AEIJjAC#v=onepage&q=Jonathan%20Bayard%20Harrison%20Smith%20(1810-)&f=false|accessdate=17 March 2017|language=en}} 16. ^1 {{cite book|title=American Ancestry: Giving the Name and Descent, In The Male Line, of, Americans Whose Ancestors Settled in the United States Previous to the Declaration of Independence A.D. 1776., Vol. IX|date=1894|publisher=Joel Munsell's Sons, Publishers|location=Albany, New York|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MCk9AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA47&lpg=PA47&dq=Jonathan+Bayard+Harrison+Smith+(1810-)&source=bl&ots=18w2D924eR&sig=A2VGDOnTkgp4P2X2SvVswnJkAN8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjJz4m89d3SAhUCiFQKHSw2C0MQ6AEIKTAD#v=onepage&q=Jonathan%20Bayard%20Harrison%20Smith%20(1810-)&f=false|accessdate=17 March 2017|language=en}} 17. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Bulloch|first1=Joseph Gaston Baillie|title=A History and Genealogy of the Families of Bayard, Houstoun of Georgia: And the Descent of the Bolton Family from Assheton, Byron and Hulton of Hulton Park, by Joseph Gaston Baillie Bulloch ...|date=1919|publisher=J. H. Dony, Printer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XQc7AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=Eliza+Rodgers+Bayard&source=bl&ots=pwRfMR54T4&sig=4R3oBMjUlS-gBOLfSC_7EljtpJM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiW-PSa2tvSAhUM8YMKHVTSC7EQ6AEILDAE#v=onepage&q=Eliza%20Rodgers%20Bayard&f=false|accessdate=16 March 2017|language=en}}
3 : 1778 births|1844 deaths|Bayard family |
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