| 词条 | Margaret Downey |
| 释义 |
| name = Margaret Downey | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = 11.15.07MargaretDowneyByLuigiNovi.jpg | image_size = | caption = | birth_date = {{b-da|16 August 1950}} | birth_place = US | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = | years_active = | employer = | organization = The Freethought Society | agent = | known_for = | notable_works = | style = | influences = | influenced = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = | relatives = | website = | footnotes = | box_width = }}Margaret Downey (born August 16, 1950) is a non-theist activist who is a former President of Atheist Alliance International and founder and president of the Freethought Society (formerly Freethought Society of Greater Philadelphia).[1][2] She also founded the Anti-Discrimination Support Network, which reports and helps deal with discrimination against atheists.[3][4] Early lifeDowney grew up with a Puerto Rican mother and an Irish father.[1] When her father left, she adopted a family friend "Uncle Floyd" as a father-figure who encouraged Downey into atheism.[1] ActivismDowney has been active in a variety of causes including feminism and anti-smoking campaigns before becoming a public representative of atheism.[1] Margaret Downey is known for her activities in this area. Her first major involvement as a publicly active nontheist was when her son Matthew was not allowed to renew his membership in the Boy Scouts of America since he was raised in a nontheist household.[1][5] This led to Margaret Downey v. Boy Scouts of America, which did not go far in the courts before the United States Supreme Court's 2000 decision in Boy Scouts of America v. Dale that the Boy Scouts constituted a private organization and could thus choose their own membership criteria, thus preventing Downey from taking her case further.[1][5][6][7] Since then Downey has been a prominent public representative of atheism in the United States as well as representing atheists and other non-theists at United Nations conferences.[1][4][8] Her work has been incorporated into United Nations reports on religious discrimination.[9] Downey is also affiliated with a variety of other organizations that promote atheism and the separation of church and state such as Freedom From Religion Foundation of which she is a board member and the American Humanist Association of which she is a past board member.[4] In 2003 she was one of the signers of the Humanist Manifesto.[10] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news|author=Steven Wells |authorlink=Steven Wells |title=Taking the Christ out of Christmas |url=http://www.philadelphiaweekly.com/articles/16080 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130131191816/http://www.philadelphiaweekly.com/articles/16080 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2013-01-31 |publisher=Philadelphia Weekly |date=2007-11-19 |accessdate=2008-02-08 }} 2. ^{{cite news|author=Walter F. Naedele |title=Following own way, and mind |url=http://www.philly.com/inquirer/local/pa/chester/voices/20080127_Following_own_way__and_mind.html |publisher=The Philadelphia Inquirer |date=2008-01-27 |accessdate=2008-02-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080130135258/http://www.philly.com/inquirer/local/pa/chester/voices/20080127_Following_own_way__and_mind.html |archivedate=2008-01-30 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fsgp.org/adsn.html |title=Anti-Discrimination Support Network |accessdate=2008-02-08 |publisher=Freethought Society of Greater Philadelphia |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221111613/http://www.fsgp.org/adsn.html |archivedate=2007-12-21 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.secular-celebrations.com/about/Downebio.htm |title=Secular Celebrations Presents Margaret Downey |accessdate=2008-02-08 |publisher=Secular Celebration |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126105203/http://www.secular-celebrations.com/about/Downebio.htm |archivedate=2008-01-26 |df= }} 5. ^1 {{cite journal | author = Margaret Downey|date=November 1999 | title = Challenging the discriminatory practices of the Boy Scouts of America | journal = The Humanist |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1374/is_6_59/ai_57800242| accessdate = 2008-02-08 }} 6. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Secular Parenting in a Religious World: An Interview with Margaret Downey |url=http://www.margaretdowney.com/book/secular_parenting_in_a_religious_world_an_interview_with_margaret_downey |publisher=Margaret Downey.com |date=2007-11-19 |accessdate=2007-02-08 }} 7. ^{{cite news|title=Supreme Court says Boy Scouts can bar gay troop leaders |url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/06/28/scotus.gay.boyscouts/ |publisher=CNN |date=2000-06-28 |accessdate=2008-02-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126180457/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/06/28/scotus.gay.boyscouts/ |archivedate=2008-01-26 |df= }} 8. ^{{cite news |author=Matt Purple |title=Atheists Assail Bill Recognizing America's Religious History |url=http://www.crosswalk.com/news/11566408/ |publisher=Crosswalk.com|accessdate=2008-02-08 }} 9. ^{{cite journal|author=Margaret Downey |title=Discrimination Against Atheists:The Facts |journal=Free Inquiry magazine |volume=24 |issue=4 |url=http://www.secularhumanism.org/library/fi/downey_24_4.htm |accessdate=2008-02-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208144104/http://www.secularhumanism.org/library/fi/downey_24_4.htm |archivedate=2008-02-08 |df= }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.americanhumanist.org/Humanism/Humanist_Manifesto_III/Notable_Signers |title=Notable Signers |publisher=American Humanist Association |work=Humanism and Its Aspirations |accessdate=September 27, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005105825/http://www.americanhumanist.org/Humanism/Humanist_Manifesto_III/Notable_Signers |archivedate=October 5, 2012 |df= }} External links
13 : American atheism activists|Living people|American atheists|Atheist feminists|Pennsylvania political activists|Activists from Philadelphia|People from Baton Rouge, Louisiana|1950 births|American people of Irish descent|American people of Puerto Rican descent|American feminists|20th-century atheists|21st-century atheists |
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