| 词条 | Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Maria Beatrice d'Este | title = Duchess of Massa Archduchess of Austria-Este | image = Marie-Béatrice d'Este.jpg | caption = Portrait by Anton von Maron, 1772 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1750|04|07|df=y}} | birth_place = Ducal Palace, Modena | death_date = {{Death date and age|1829|11|14|1750|04|07|df=y}} | death_place = Vienna, Austria | burial_place = Imperial Crypt, Vienna | spouse = {{marriage|Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria-Este|1771}} | issue = Maria Teresa, Queen of Sardinia Maria Leopoldina, Electress of Bavaria Francis IV, Duke of Modena Archduke Maximilian Joseph Archduke Karl, Archbishop of Esztergom Maria Ludovika, Empress of Austria | issue-link = #Issue | full name = {{lang-it|Maria Beatrice Ricciarda d'Este}} | house = Este | father = Ercole III, Duke of Modena | mother = Maria Teresa, Duchess of Massa | religion = Roman Catholicism }} Maria Beatrice d’Este ({{lang-it|Maria Beatrice Ricciarda}}; 7 April 1750 – 14 November 1829) was heiress of Modena and Reggio as well as the sovereign of Massa and Carrara from 1790 until 1796 and from 1815 until her death in 1829. BiographyMaria Beatrice was born in Modena, the eldest child of two monarchs, Ercole III d'Este, Duke of Modena and Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, reigning duchess of Massa and princess of Carrara. Her parents' marriage was unhappy and they lived separated from each other; they only produced two children: Maria Beatrice, born on 7 April 1750 and Rinaldo Francesco, born on 4 January 1753. The death of Rinaldo aged four months old (5 May 1753) led to Maria being acknowledged as an heiress. Her paternal ancestors included Louis XIII of France, the French regent Philippe d'Orléans, and Mary, Queen of Scots. Her maternal ancestors were members of the House of Cybo-Malaspina. As heiress to four states (Modena, Reggio, Massa and Carrara), she was a very attractive wedding partner. Empress Maria Theresa sought to arrange a marriage between Maria Beatrice and Archduke Leopold (future Holy Roman Emperor) but this never materialised. Instead she married Leopold's brother, Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, in a union through which the Austrians aimed to expand their influence in Italy. The couple was engaged from 1754. As the children were so young, the marriage was not celebrated till 1771 when a ceremony in Milan on 15 October officially united them. Festivities arranged for this occasion included the operas Ascanio in Alba by Mozart and Il Ruggiero by Johann Adolph Hasse. The couple moved between Modena and Milan, where they lived in the Royal palace. As the Duchy of Modena did not allow female succession, Maria Beatrice's rights to the throne of Modena and Reggio passed to her son when her father died. When her mother died in 1790, however, she succeeded her as Duchess of Massa and Carrara. After the French conquest of Northern Italy, she spent her life mostly in Austria and left the rule to administrators. By her marriage, the House of Austria-Este was created, a cadet branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, which ruled Modena between 1814 and 1859. After Maria Beatrice d'Este's death at Vienna in 1829, Massa and Carrara were added to the Duchy of Modena. Issue
Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |ref=[1] |boxstyle_1= background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2= background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3= background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4= background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5= background-color: #9fe; |1= {{nowrap|1. Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa}} |2= 2. Ercole III d'Este, Duke of Modena |3= 3. Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, Duchess of Massa |4= 4. Francesco III d'Este, Duke of Modena |5= 5. Charlotte Aglaé of Orléans |6= 6. Alderano I Cybo-Malaspina, Duke of Massa |7= 7. Donna Ricciarda Gonzaga |8= 8. Rinaldo d'Este, Duke of Modena |9= 9. Duchess Charlotte of Brunswick-Lüneburg |10= 10. Philippe II, Duke of Orléans |11= 11. Françoise Marie de Bourbon |12= 12. Carlo II Cybo-Malaspina, Duke of Massa |13= 13. Teresa Pamphilj |14= 14. Camillo III Gonzaga, Count of Novellara |15= 15. Matilde d'Este |16= 16. Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena |17= 17. Lucrezia Barberini |18= 18. John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Calenberg |19= 19. Princess Palatine Benedicta Henrietta |20= 20. Philippe I, Duke of Orléans |21= 21. Princess Palatine Elisabeth Charlotte |22= 22. Louis XIV of France |23= 23. Madame de Montespan |24= 24. Alberico II Cybo-Malaspina, Duke of Massa |25= 25. Fulvia Pico della Mirandola |26= 26. Camillo Pamphilj, Prince di Valmontone |27= 27. Olimpia Aldobrandini, Princess di Meldola |28= 28. Alfonso II Gonzaga, Count of Novellara |29= 29. Donna Ricciarda Cybo-Malaspina |30= 30. Sigismondo III d'Este, Marquis di San Martino |31= 31. Teresa Maria Grimaldi }} References1. ^{{cite book|title=Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans| trans-title=Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AINPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA87|year=1768|publisher=Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel|location=Bourdeaux|language=fr|page=87}} External links{{commons-inline|Category:Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa|Maria Beatrice Ricciarda d'Este}}{{S-start}}{{S-reg}}{{S-bef|before=Maria Teresa}}{{S-ttl|title=Duchess of Massa and Carrara|years=1790–1796}}{{S-non|reason=Cispadane Republic}}|-{{S-non|reason=Elisa Bonaparte}}{{S-ttl|title=Duchess of Massa and Carrara|years=1815–1829}}{{S-aft|after=Francis}}{{S-end}}{{Princesses of Modena}}{{Austrian archduchesses by marriage}}{{Tuscan princesses by marriage}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Maria Beatrice Ricciarda Deste}} 19 : 1750 births|1829 deaths|House of Este|House of Habsburg|Austria-Este|Dames of the Order of the Starry Cross|Cybo-Malaspina|People from Modena|Modenese princesses|Austrian princesses|Dukes of Massa|Princes of Carrara|18th-century women rulers|19th-century women rulers|18th-century Italian people|19th-century Italian people|18th-century Italian women|19th-century Italian women|Burials at the Imperial Crypt |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。