| 词条 | Maria Campbell |
| 释义 |
| name = Maria Campbell | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1940|4|26}} | family = [Ben, Ray, Dorothy, Diane, Wil, John and George [Brothers and sisters)] | birth_place = Park Valley, SK | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = Canadian | education = Honorary doctorates, Athabasca University (2000), York University (1992), University of Regina (1985) | employer = University of Saskatchewan | other_names = | known_for = Halfbreed, a 1973 memoir taught in Canadian schools | occupation = Author, playwright, filmmaker, English professor | awards = Order of Canada, and others }} Maria Campbell (born April 26, 1940 near Park Valley, SK) is a Métis author, playwright, broadcaster, filmmaker, and Elder. Campbell is a fluent speaker of four languages: Cree, Michif, Saulteaux, and English. Four of her published works have been published in eight countries and translated into four other languages (German, Chinese, French, Italian). BackgroundCampbell is the oldest of eight children, and had to drop out of school to care for her siblings when her mother died. She moved to Vancouver at age fifteen, but returned to Saskatchewan in her twenties and became an organizer in her community.[1] In 1969 she published Many Laws, a handbook that explained the issues faced by Indigenous people who move into cities.[1] Halfbreed (1973)Campbell's first book was the memoir Halfbreed (1973), which deals with her experience as a Métis woman in Canada, and the sense of identity that is generated by being neither wholly Indigenous nor Anglo.[3] The text focuses on Campbell's sense of collective Métis identity, emphasizing community belonging and common Métis experiences.[2] However, Campbell uses the term "halfbreed" over Métis due to ongoing debates about the precise definition of the latter,[3] and makes a distinction between the identities "Indian" and "halfbreed."[2] Halfbreed is considered to be a seminal work of Indigenous literature in Canada and has been the subject of much scholarly work,[3] sparking academic debates about pan-Indigeneity, Métis identity, Indigenous status, and the contemporary Indigenous experience in Canada.[3] It recounts the difficulties Campbell faced in her search for self-discovery, including poverty, substance abuse, sexual abuse, and sex work.[1] Halfbreed continues to be taught in schools across Canada, and inspires generations of Indigenous women and men. Halfbreed and Sexual AssaultIn May 2018, researchers from Simon Fraser University (BC, Canada) published an article detailing the discovery of two missing pages from the original Halfbreed manuscript.[4] These pages, discovered in the McClelland and Stewart fonds at McMaster University, reveal how Campbell was raped at the age of 14 by members of the RCMP, and how she was prevented from including these pages in her published autobiography by publishers McClelland and Stewart.[5][6] Other Published WorksCampbell is also the author of three children's' books: People of the Buffalo (1975), Little Badger and the Fire Spirit (1977), and Riel's People (1978). All three are meant to teach Métis spirituality and heritage to Métis children.[7] Her short-story, "Blankets of Shame" is included in the anthology of Native American Women's writing and art, #NotYourPrincess (Annick Press, 2017). PlaysCampbell's first professionally produced play, Flight, was the first all Aboriginal theatre production in modern Canada.[1] Weaving modern dance, storytelling and drama together with traditional Aboriginal art practises, this early work set a stylistic tone that her most recent productions continue to explore. It won the Dora Mavor Moore Award at Toronto's Theatre Passe Muraille in 1986 (where it debuted) and the Best Canadian Production at the Quinzanne International Festival in Quebec City.[1] Two of her plays have toured extensively within Canada and abroad to Scotland, Denmark and Italy. From 1985 to 1997 Ms. Campbell owned and operated a production company, Gabriel Productions. She has written and/or directed films by the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) and Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), including My Partners My People, which aired on CTV for 3 years. She is coordinator and member of Sage Ensemble, a community theatre group for Aboriginal elders, and is actively associated with the Gordon Tootoosis Nikaniwin Theatre (Formerly Saskatchewan Native Theatre Company) in Saskatoon. Political Career & EducationIn addition to her work in the arts, Maria is a volunteer, activist and advocate for Aboriginal rights and the rights of women. She was a founder of the first Women's Halfway House and the first Women and Children's Emergency Crisis Centre in Edmonton. She has worked with Aboriginal youths in community theatre; set up food and housing co-ops; facilitated women's circles; advocated for the hiring and recognition of Native people in the arts, and mentored many indigenous artists working in all forms of the arts. Maria sits as an Elder on the Saskatchewan Aboriginal Justice Commission, and is a member of the Grandmothers for Justice Society. Academically, she has focused on teaching Métis history and Methods in Oral Tradition Research. She has worked as a researcher, meeting with elders to gather and record oral historical evidence of many aspects of aboriginal traditional knowledge, including medical and dietary as well as spiritual, social, and general cultural practices. She has completed the course work for an M.A. in Native Studies at the University of Saskatchewan (though it has not been awarded) and has received honourary degrees from the University of Regina, York University, and Athabasca University.[1] Selected worksBooks and Plays
Film and Video
Radio
Writing about Maria Campbell
HonoursAwards
Honorary Doctorate Degrees
Academic career
Writer-In-Residence
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite web|url=http://canadian-writers.athabascau.ca/english/writers/mcampbell/mcampbell.php|title=Maria Campbell|website=Canadian Writers, Athabasca University|language=en-CA|access-date=2018-05-08}} 2. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|last=Culjak|first=Toni A.|date=2001|title=Searching for a place in between: the autobiographies of three Canadian Metis women|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/213999628/4C7FD9B58372452DPQ/2?accountid=12599|journal=The American Review of Canadian Studies|volume=31.1-2|pages=137–57|via=ProQuest}} 3. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|last=Fagan|first=Kristina|date=2009|title=READING THE RECEPTION OF MARIA CAMPBELL'S HALFBREED|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/218112640/fulltext/4C7FD9B58372452DPQ/1?accountid=12599|journal=The Canadian Journal of Native Studies|volume=29.1-2|pages=257–81|via=ProQuest}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://canlit.ca/article/i-write-this-for-all-of-you-recovering-the-unpublished-rcmp-incident-in-maria-campbells-halfbreed-19731/|title=“I write this for all of you”: Recovering the Unpublished RCMP “Incident” in Maria Campbell’s Halfbreed (1973)|last=Reder|first=Deanna and Alix Shield|date=May 29, 2018|website=Canadian Literature: A Quarterly of Criticism and Review|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-10-22}} 5. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-friday-edition-1.4687507/maria-campbell-s-account-of-being-raped-by-a-mountie-was-scrubbed-from-her-memoir-halfbreed-1.4687512|title=Maria Campbell's account of being raped by a Mountie was scrubbed from her memoir Halfbreed {{!}} CBC Radio|work=CBC|access-date=2018-10-22|language=en-US}} 6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://thestarphoenix.com/news/local-news/publisher-exploring-new-edition-of-halfbreed-after-excised-rape-passage-discovered|title=Publisher exploring new edition of 'Halfbreed' after excised rape passage discovered|date=2018-06-02|work=Saskatoon StarPhoenix|access-date=2018-10-22|language=en-US}} 7. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/maria-campbell/|title=Maria Campbell|last=STOTT|first=JON C.|work=The Canadian Encyclopedia|access-date=2018-05-08|language=en}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gg.ca/media/doc.asp?lang=e&DocID=5447 |title=Governor General Announces New Appointments to the Order of Canada |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090908213224/http://www.gg.ca/media/doc.asp?lang=e&DocID=5447 |archivedate=2009-09-08 |df= }} External links
16 : 1940 births|Living people|Canadian Métis people|20th-century Canadian novelists|Métis film directors|Métis writers|Officers of the Order of Canada|Writers from Saskatchewan|Canadian women novelists|Canadian memoirists|Canadian women short story writers|Women memoirists|20th-century Canadian women writers|20th-century Canadian short story writers|Indspire Awards|Canadian women non-fiction writers |
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