“Maria Duval”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Maria Duval (born in Milan, Italy, as Maria Carolina Gamba)^[1] is the woman at the origin of the Maria Duval psychic scam. Claiming to have psychic powers, she gained some notoriety before her name became associated with a vast and sophisticated mail scam.

Independent psychic

First living in Callas in the South of France, then traveling extensively, "Maria Duval" was able to build a growing reputation as a psychic throughout the 1970s and 1980s, doing consultations and horoscope newspaper columns. She did media interviews and appeared on the cover of Vogue Paris. Old newspaper clippings she keeps in her home indicate she brushed shoulders with celebrities, although her claim to have psychically found Brigitte Bardot's lost dog was debunked by Bardot herself.^[2]

Face of giant mail scam operation

In the mid-1990s, Gamba sold the rights to the name Maria Duval to a group of scammers, who used her notoriety to sell astrology charts. The scam quickly changed form, as sick and elderly people started receiving letters promising the psychic help of "Maria Duval" for $40 per mail consultation. The scam would quickly take gigantic proportions and generate some $200 million in revenues for the fraudsters running it. It appears only a very small portion of that money made its way to Gamba.^[2]^[3]

In 2016, the U.S. Department of Justice shut down the North American arm of the “Psychic” Mail Fraud scheme.^[4]

Gamba made several public appearances over the years, including a news conference in Moscow in 2008. She left Callas in the late 1990s, although retaining ownership of the property. She moved back in 2008.^[5] She was still residing there in 2018 when French police searched her home and when an investigating team from CNN visited her.^[2]

According to her son, Gamba suffered a stroke in 2010 and has been diagnosed with dementia in 2013.^[2]

References

1. ^Melanie Hicken, Blake Ellis, and Julia Jones (2016-03-30). "Chapter Five: Knocking on the psychic's door". CNNMoney.
2. ^¹²³⁴{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2018/07/investigates/maria-duval-psychic-scam-invs/index.html|title=After two years investigating one of the longest-running frauds in history, we finally met its central figure: Maria Duval. What would she have to say?|last=Ellis|first=Blake|date=July 26, 2018|work=CNN|access-date=August 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813194756/https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2018/07/investigates/maria-duval-psychic-scam-invs/index.html|archive-date=August 13, 2018|last2=Hicken|first2=Melanie}}
3. ^{{Cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/02/24/news/psychic-maria-duval-chapter-one/index.html|title=Chapter One: Who is behind one of the biggest scams in history?|last=Ellis|first=Blake|date=February 24, 2016|work=CNN|access-date=August 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813193257/https://money.cnn.com/2016/02/24/news/psychic-maria-duval-chapter-one/index.html|archive-date=August 13, 2018|last2=Hicken|first2=Melanie}}
4. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-permanently-shuts-down-international-psychic-mail-fraud-scheme|title=Justice Department Permanently Shuts Down International "Psychic" Mail Fraud Scheme|date=2016-05-09|access-date=2018-07-29|language=en}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://draguignan.maville.com/actu/actudet_--Draguignan-Maria-Duval-le-retour-que-personne-n-avait-predit-_-785054_actu.Htm|title=Draguignan - Maria Duval : le retour que personne n'avait prédit|last=|first=|date=December 28, 2008|website=draguignan.maville.com|language=French|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=August 14, 2018}}
6. ^Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Paul Van Buitenen
7. ^McClatchy DC {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129091715/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2014/11/19/247438_did-these-mail-order-psychics.html?sp=%2F99%2F200%2F365%2F&rh=1 |date=2014-11-29 }}
8. ^Consumers' Institute of New Zealand, Not clairvoyant enough? {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929133619/http://www.consumer.org.nz/newsitem.asp?docid=2300&category=Scams&topic=Maria%20Duval%20ads%20pulled%20in%20NZNot |date=2007-09-29 }}
9. ^Advertising Standards Authority, {{cite web|url=http://www.asa.org.uk/adj/adj_4185.htm |title=Astroforce Ltd t/a Maria Duval |accessdate=2017-06-02 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000611060535/http://www.asa.org.uk/adj/adj_4185.htm |archivedate=June 11, 2000 |df= }}