“Marion Power Shovel Company”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Founded in Marion, Ohio in August, 1884 by Henry Barnhart, Edward Huber and George W. King as the Marion Steam Shovel Company, the company grew through sales and acquisitions throughout the 20th century. The company changed its name to Marion Power Shovel Company in 1946 to reflect the industry's change from steam power to diesel power.

The company ceased to be an independent entity when it was sold, becoming the Marion division of Dresser Industries in 1977. In 1992 Dresser spun off the Marion division and certain other assets into a holding company that would eventually become known as Global Industrial Technologies, Inc. Global put the Marion division up for sale in 1997 and its longtime rival Bucyrus International purchased the division for US$40.1 million. Bucyrus integrated the Marion division's products into the Bucyrus product line, then closed the Marion, Ohio, facility.

History

Marion Steam Shovel Company

The Marion Steam Shovel Company was established by Henry Barnhart, George W. King and Edward Huber in August 1884. While steam shovels had been made prior to this date in the United States, Barnhart persuaded Huber to financially back his design, which incorporated a stronger bucket support than other makes. Barnhart and Huber patented Barnhart's changes under United States Patent No. 285,100 on September 18, 1883. One element of Barnhart's design was the use of solid iron rods (hog rings) to support the boom of the shovel, which was stronger than simple chain.{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}

This machine set the record in July 1908 for moving {{convert|53000|cuyd|m3}} of earth in 25 eight-hour days after American project management began. Marion built large and small steam shovels for building contractors, railroads and the US Army Corps of Engineers who were building the Panama Canal at the time. The company, from between 1902 and 1911, shipped 112 shovels to Panama for the construction of the canal.^[3]

A Marion Model 91, the type used at the Panama Canal, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.{{Sfn|National Park Service|2008}} Marion was most successful with the Model 20 series contractors shovels (see steam shovel).{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}

During the project Marion Shovels broke world records in amount of cubic earth moved within a given time frame (1908) and greatest amount (8-ton) lifted by a single bucket (1911).{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}

The Type 22 and Type 28 Marion shovels were the most popular. They were the fully revolving, wheel or track contractors shovel.

Around 800 were built from 1905 to 1930. Contractors and road builders found them very useful. Marion also built floating dredges from land reclamation projects and the famous Klondike Gold dredges in Dawson City. Trenching shovels, stripping shovels, railroad shovels and draglines were also built. Large shovels were built for the Ohio open pit coalfields. By the late 1930s, steam gave way to diesel engine.

By 1911 90% of all large bucket steam shovels and draglines were produced in Marion Ohio, which was also the headquarters of Osgood Steam Shovel, Fairbanks Steam Shovel and General Excavating Corporation. (Competitor Bucyrus Steam Shovel was founded {{convert|15|mi|km}} from Marion in nearby Bucyrus, Ohio; the company relocated soon thereafter to Milwaukee, Wisconsin after Bucyrus city officials refused to approve expansion plans for the company.){{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}

Towards the end of WWI the company assembled M1918 railway guns utilizing a repurposed M1895 12 inch 45 caliber coastal defense gun. The only remaining example was stored for testing purposes at Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren VA until 2011 when it was moved to Fort Lee, VA for inclusion in the U.S. Army Ordnance Training and Heritage Center.

Marion Power Shovel

In April 1946, the company changed its name to the Marion Power Shovel Company to more closely reflect its products.^[4]

Marion built its first walking dragline in 1939 and became a key player in providing giant stripping shovels to the coal industry, being the first to put a long-boom revolving stripping shovel to work in North America in 1911. Marion’s succession of giant shovels, many breaking world size records, starting with The Mountaineer in 1956 which was 16 stories, and could in one shovel load move approximately 90 tons, which was in the 1950s one of the world's largest power shovels.^[5] Marion's huge power shovel models eventually culminated in the world’s largest: the 1965 Marion 6360. The 6360 at the Captain Mine, Illinois, operated with a 180 cubic yard (138 cubic meter) dipper. With an estimated weight of 15,000 tons (13,600 tonnes), this machine still holds the record as the heaviest mobile land machine ever built.{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}

Marion also designed and built the NASA Crawler-transporter used to transport both the Saturn V rocket, which supported the launch of the Apollo program for human exploration of the Moon, as well as the Space Shuttle, to the launch pads at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.^[6]

Osgood Company acquisition

In 1955, Marion Power Shovel acquired its crosstown rival, the Osgood Company, which manufactured shovels under the Marion-Osgood and Osgood brand names. Osgood's product line complemented Marion Power Shovel's, with most of Osgood's product line focusing on shovels, cranes and draglines that were small capacity machines as opposed to Marion's line, which focused increasingly on high end strip mining draglines. Osgood also built road-ready mobile units that used Mack truck undercarriages.{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}

Acquisition and end

The Marion Power Shovel Company was refinanced by management in the late 1960s with only the signature guarantee of the primary stockholder, billionaire Henry Hillman, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and PNC Bank fame. In 1977 Dresser Industries, Inc. purchased Marion Power Shovel for approximately US$250 million. The company grew from 1,500 employees in 1974 to over 3,200 employees by 1978 under the direction of Putt McDowell during the massive growth in coal mining demand of the late 1970s.{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}

By 1992, Dresser Industries had decided to exit the production of industrial and mining equipment. The affected assets, including the Marion division, became part of Indresco, a holding company created by Dresser in 1992 and then spun off to Dresser shareholders.{{Sfn|Dresser|1992}} On November 1, 1995, Indresco changed its name to Global Industrial Technologies, Inc.{{Sfn|Indresco|1995}}

On January 23, 1997 Global Industrial Technologies announced that it was divesting certain assets, including the Marion division.{{Sfn|Global Industrial Technologies|1997a}} Global Industrial Technologies sold the Marion Power Shovel Company, which had revenues of US$114.4 million in FY 1996, for US$40.1 million to Bucyrus International, Inc. on July 23, 1997.{{Sfn|Bucyrus|1997}}{{Sfn|Global Industrial Technologies|1997}}{{Sfn|Bucyrus|2010}} Following the acquisition, Bucyrus International closed Marion Power Shovel Company's Marion, Ohio facility.{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}

Historical corporate files and archives for Marion Power Shovel were split between Bowling Green, Ohio's Historical Construction Equipment Association and the Marion County Historical Society in Marion, Ohio.{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}

References & Sources

1. ^Olberhelman, Olberhelman, and Lampe. Quail Lakes & Coal: Energy for Wildlife ... and the World, 2013, page 60
2. ^Contractors & Engineers Magazine, Volume 10, 1925, page 80
3. ^Koblentz, Stuart J. Marion Historical Society. Marion County Arcadia Publishing, 2007.
4. ^{{cite book |last1=Haddock|first1=Keith |title=Bucyrus: Making the Earth Move for 125 Years |date=2005 |publisher=MotorBooks International |isbn=9781610608350 |pages=57 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=YoHVpEea6bgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Bucyrus:+Making+the+Earth+Move+for+125+Years#v=onepage&q=more%20closely&f=false |accessdate=November 13, 2015 |via=GoogleBooks}}
5. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=SeEDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA95&lpg=PA95&dq=Popular+Mechanics+Science+installing+linoleum&source=bl&ots=qsgcX3mC0k&sig=5uzq7dFzwBL4NlAn6jl810wzujk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DPAdUMLcFabRyAGC94D4CQ&sqi=2&ved=0CFcQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Popular%20Mechanics%20Science%20installing%20linoleum&f=true "16 Tone Mobile Shovel Take 90 Ton Bite of Earth"] Popular Mechanics, April 1956, p. 95. -via books.google.com
6. ^{{cite web |last1=Teitel |first1=Amy Shira |title=How Will NASA Move Its Giant New Rocket? |url=http://motherboard.vice.com/read/how-do-you-move-a-giant-rocket-very-slowly-1 |accessdate=November 13, 2015 |date=September 19, 2012}}

History

Marion Steam Shovel Company