| 词条 | Mark Carney |
| 释义 |
|name = Mark Carney |honorific-suffix = {{Post-nominals|country=CAN|OC|size=100%}} |image = Mark Carney.jpg |office = Governor of the Bank of England |term_start = 1 July 2013 |term_end = |predecessor = Mervyn King |successor = |office1 = Chair of the Financial Stability Board |term_start1 = 4 November 2011 |term_end1 = 26 November 2018 |predecessor1 = Mario Draghi |successor1 = Randal Quarles |office2 = Governor of the Bank of Canada |term_start2 = 1 February 2008 |term_end2 = 3 June 2013 |predecessor2 = David Dodge |successor2 = Stephen Poloz |birth_name = Mark Joseph Carney |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|3|16|df=y}} |birth_place = Fort Smith, Canada |death_date = |death_place = |spouse = {{marriage|Diana Fox|July 1994}} |children = 4 |education = Harvard University {{small|(BA)}} St Peter's College, Oxford {{small|(MPhil)}} Nuffield College, Oxford {{small|(DPhil)}} |citizenship = Canadian, Irish, British |signature = Mark Carney , Signature , 29 February 2012.png |module = {{Listen |embed = yes |title = Carney voice |filename = Mark Carney - Today - 8 Aug 2013.flac |type = speech |description = from the BBC programme Today, August 8, 2013[1]}} }}Mark Joseph Carney (born March 16, 1965) is an economist and central banker. He holds Canadian, British and Irish citizenship and has been Governor of the Bank of England since 2013 and was Chairman of the Financial Stability Board from 2011 to 2018.[2] Carney began his career at Goldman Sachs before joining the Canadian Department of Finance. He later served as Governor of the Bank of Canada from 2008 until 2013, when he moved to his current post. His term is due to expire in January 2020.[3] Early lifeCarney was born on March 16, 1965, in Fort Smith, Northwest Territories,[2][4] the son of Verlie Margaret (née Kemper) and Robert James Martin Carney.[5][6][7] When Carney was six, his family moved to Edmonton, Alberta.[4] Carney has three siblings — older brother Seán, younger brother Brian, and sister Brenda.[4][7] Carney attended St. Francis Xavier High School, Edmonton[8] before studying at Harvard University.[4][9] Carney graduated from Harvard in 1988 with a bachelor's degree with high honours in economics,[4] before postgraduate studies at the University of Oxford at St Peter's College and Nuffield College, where he received masters and doctoral degrees in the same field in 1993 and 1995, respectively.[9][10] The title of his DPhil thesis is "The dynamic advantage of competition".[11] CareerGoldman SachsCarney spent thirteen years with Goldman Sachs.[12] He worked in their Boston, London, New York City, Tokyo, and Toronto offices.[13] His progressively more senior positions included: co-head of sovereign risk; executive director, emerging debt capital markets; and managing director, investment banking. He worked on South Africa's post-apartheid venture into international bond markets, and was involved in Goldman's work with the 1998 Russian financial crisis.[4] In 2003, he left Goldman Sachs to join the Bank of Canada as a Deputy Governor, taking up that position.{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} One year later, he was recruited to join the Federal Department of Finance as Senior Associate Deputy Minister of Finance, beginning that role on November 15, 2004.[14] Department of FinanceFrom November 2004 to October 2007, Carney was Senior Associate Deputy Minister and G7 Deputy at the Canadian Department of Finance. He served under Liberal Finance Minister Ralph Goodale and Conservative Finance Minister Jim Flaherty. During this time Carney oversaw the Canadian Government's controversial plan to tax income trusts at source.[15] Carney was also the lead on the Canadian Government's profitable sale of its 19-percent stake in Petro-Canada.[16][17] Governor of the Bank of CanadaIn November 2007, it was announced that Carney would be appointed Governor of the Bank of Canada. He immediately left his position at the Department of Finance to serve as an advisor to the outgoing Governor, David Dodge, before formally assuming Dodge's position on February 1, 2008.[18] Carney was selected over Paul Jenkins, the Senior Deputy Governor, who had been considered the front-runner to succeed Dodge.[19] Carney took on this role at the beginning of the 2007 global financial crisis. At the time of his appointment, Carney was the youngest central bank governor among the G8 and G20.[20] Financial crisisCarney's actions as Governor of the Bank of Canada are said to have played a major role in helping Canada avoid the worst impacts of the financial crisis.[21][22] The epoch-making feature of his tenure as Governor remains the decision to cut the overnight rate by 50 basis points in March 2008, only one month after his appointment. While the European Central Bank delivered a rate increase in July 2008, Carney anticipated the leveraged-loan crisis would trigger global contagion. When policy rates in Canada hit the effective lower-bound, the central bank combatted the crisis with the non-standard monetary tool: "conditional commitment" in April 2009 to hold the policy rate for at least one year, in a boost to domestic credit conditions and market confidence. Output and employment began to recover from mid-2009, in part thanks to monetary stimulus.[23] The Canadian economy outperformed those of its G7 peers during the crisis, and Canada was the first G7 nation to have both its GDP and employment recover to pre-crisis levels.{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} The Bank's decision to provide substantial additional liquidity to the Canadian financial system,[24] and its unusual step of announcing a commitment to keep interest rates at their lowest possible level for one year,[25] appear to have been significant contributors to Canada's weathering of the crisis.[26]{{page needed|date=June 2016}} Canada's risk-averse fiscal and regulatory environment is also cited as a factor. In 2009 a Newsweek columnist wrote, "Canada has done more than survive this financial crisis. The country is positively thriving in it. Canadian banks are well capitalized and poised to take advantage of opportunities that American and European banks cannot seize."[27] Carney earned various accolades for his leadership during the financial crisis: he was named one of The Financial Times 's "Fifty who will frame the way forward",[28] and of Time Magazine's 2010 Time 100.[29] In May 2011, Reader's Digest named him "Editor's Choice for Most Trusted Canadian".[30] In October 2012, Carney was named "Central Bank Governor of the Year 2012" by the editors of Euromoney magazine.[31] International organisation membershipsOn November 4, 2011, Carney was named Chairman of the Basel-based Financial Stability Board. In a statement, Carney credited his appointment to "the strong reputation of Canada's financial system and the leading role that Canada has played in helping to develop many of the most important international reforms".{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} The three-year term is a part-time commitment, allowing Carney to complete his term at the Bank of Canada. While there has been no indication of his priorities as chairman, on the day of his appointment the Board published a list of 29 banks that were considered sufficiently large as to pose a risk to the global economy should they fail.[32][33] At his first press conference as Chairman of the FSB in January 2012, Carney laid out his key priorities for the board.[34] Carney served as Chairman of the Bank for International Settlements' Committee on the Global Financial System from July 2010 until January 2012.[35] Carney is a member of the Group of Thirty, an international body of leading financiers and academics, and of the Foundation Board of the World Economic Forum.[36][37] Carney attended the annual meetings of the Bilderberg Group in 2011 and 2012.[38][39] Governor of the Bank of EnglandOn November 26, 2012, Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne announced the appointment of Carney as Governor of the Bank of England. He succeeded Sir Mervyn King on July 1, 2013.[40] He is the first non-Briton to be appointed to the role since the Bank was established in 1694. The Bank of England was given additional powers from 2013, such as the ability to set bank capital requirements.[41] Prior to taking up the post, Carney had already indicated disagreement with the Bank of England's Executive Director of Financial Stability Andy Haldane, specifically on leverage ratios and on bank break-ups. He has been quoted as saying that Haldane does not have a "proper understanding of the facts" on bank regulation.[23] Though the term is officially eight years, Carney has said that he intends to stand down after five. He is likely to have been offered a total pay package of about £624,000 ($990,000) per year, approximately £100,000 ($160,000) more per year than his predecessor.[40] In December 2016, Carney warned of the societal risk of "staggering wealth inequalities" in a Roscoe Lecture at Liverpool John Moores University. "The proportion of the wealth held by the richest 1% of Americans increased from 25% in 1990 to 40% in 2012 ... Globally, the share of wealth held by the richest 1% in the world rose from one-third in 2000 to one-half in 2010."[42] BrexitCarney has warned multiple times that Brexit is expected to negatively influence the UK economy. Consequently, Brexit activists accused him of making statements in the British EU-membership referendum favouring the UK's continued membership of the EU.[43][44] He replied that he felt it was his duty to speak up on such issues.[45] In September 2018, Chancellor Philip Hammond confirmed speculation that Carney would remain as Governor until January 2020, in order to ensure a "smooth" transition after the UK leaves the EU on March 29, 2019.[46] In November 2018, Carney warned that large parts of the British economy were not ready for a no-deal Brexit. Speaking on BBC Radio 4's Today Programme, Carney explained that fewer than half of businesses have initiated contingency plans.[47] In February 2019, speaking about the global economy, Carney provided a less negative perspective on Brexit, stating that globalisation has resulted in "imbalances of democracy and sovereignty", and that Brexit "is the first test of a new global order and could prove the acid test of whether a way can be found to broaden the benefits of openness while enhancing democratic accountability".[48] Personal lifeCarney met his wife, Diana Fox, a British economist specializing in developing nations, while at the University of Oxford.[30] She is active in various environment and social justice causes.[49] The couple married in July 1994 while he was finishing his doctoral thesis.[50]{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} They have four children and lived in the Rockcliffe Park neighbourhood of Ottawa before moving to London in 2013.[4] During his Harvard years, Carney was back-up goalie for the school's ice hockey team.[4][51] Carney continued playing hockey with the Oxford University Ice Hockey Club while studying at Nuffield College, Oxford.[52] Carney completed the 2015 London Marathon in 03:31:22, which was 17 minutes faster than his time at the 2011 Ottawa Marathon.[53][54] In addition to Canadian citizenship, Carney also holds Irish[55] and British citizenship.[56] Carney has distant relatives in Liverpool and is a supporter of Everton F.C.[57] Honours and distinctions
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Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/9704385/New-Bank-of-England-Governor-Mark-Carneys-wife-an-eco-warrior-who-says-banks-are-rotten.html|access-date=June 24, 2016}} 50. ^General Register Office. England and Wales Civil Registration Indexes. Bullingdon Registration District, Oxfordshire. Volume 699 Page 574. 51. ^{{cite news|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/business/Mark+Carney+profile+banker+bottomline/7610841/story.html|title=Mark Carney profile: Our top banker and the bottomline|first=Chris|last=Cobb|date=November 26, 2012|accessdate=November 26, 2012|work=Ottawa Citizen|publisher=Postmedia Network}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 52. ^{{cite journal|author=Waldie, Paul|date=June 28, 2013|title=Mark Carney not only played goal for the Oxford Blues hockey team, he also managed it|journal=The Globe and Mail|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/the-bank-of-england-gets-a-goaltender/article12895944|access-date=June 24, 2016}} 53. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cityam.com/214573/mark-carney-thrashed-barclays-boss-anthony-jenkins-in-the-2015-london-marathon-how-well-does-your-race-time-compare|title=London Marathon 2015: After Mark Carney thrashed Barclays boss Antony Jenkins, how well does your race time compare?}} 54. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/bank-of-england/11565613/Mark-Carney-blasts-City-competition-in-London-Marathon.html|title=Mark Carney blasts City competition in London Marathon|accessdate=June 9, 2017}} 55. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/mark-carney-jon-snow-channel-4-news-video|title=Full transcript: Mark Carney talks to Jon Snow|date=November 13, 2013|work=channel4.com|accessdate=June 24, 2016}} 56. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-22/boe-governor-carney-fulfills-promise-by-becoming-u-k-citizen|title=BOE Governor Carney Fulfills Promise by Becoming U.K. Citizen|date=22 November 2018|website=Bloomberg}} 57. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/9866686/Mark-Carney-is-an-Everton-fan...-but-his-wife-supports-Arsenal.html|title=Mark Carney is an Everton fan... but his wife supports Arsenal|date=February 13, 2013|publisher=|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}} 58. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=15922|title=The Governor General of Canada|first=The Office of the Secretary to the Governor|last=General|work=gg.ca|accessdate=June 24, 2016}} 59. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/Pages/speeches/2014/736.aspx|title=Mark Carney's Speech at the Mansion House Bankers and Merchants Dinner, London - Bank of England|work=bankofengland.co.uk|accessdate=June 24, 2016}} Further reading
External links
|-{{s-bef|before=Mervyn King}}{{s-ttl|title=Governor of the Bank of England|years=2013–present}}{{s-inc}} |-{{s-dip}}{{s-bef|before=Mario Draghi}}{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the Financial Stability Board|years=2011–2018}}{{s-aft|after=Randal Quarles}}{{s-end}}{{start Monetary Policy Committee|GoB=Mark Carney|}}{{Monetary Policy Committee composition bank lifespan|GoB=Mark Carney |years=July 2013 – present| }}{{Monetary Policy Committee composition July 2013 – October 2013}}{{Monetary Policy Committee composition November 2013 – May 2014}}{{Monetary Policy Committee composition June 2014}}{{Monetary Policy Committee composition July 2014}}{{Monetary Policy Committee composition August 2014 – August 2015}}{{Monetary Policy Committee composition September 2015 – July 2016}}{{Monetary Policy Committee composition August 2016 – February 2017}}{{Monetary Policy Committee composition March 2017 – April 2017}}{{Monetary Policy Committee composition May 2017 – June 2017}}{{Monetary Policy Committee composition July 2017 – August 2017}}{{Monetary Policy Committee composition September 2017 – present}}{{end Monetary Policy Committee composition}}{{Governors of the Bank of Canada}}{{G8-Central Bank}}{{G20-CBGovernors}}{{Authority control}}{{Subject bar |portal1=Biography |portal2=Business and economics |portal3=Canada |commons=yes |commons-search=Category:Mark Carney |n=yes |n-search=Category:Mark Carney |d=yes |d-search=Q192533}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Carney, Mark}} 20 : 1965 births|Alumni of Nuffield College, Oxford|Alumni of St Peter's College, Oxford|Businesspeople from Edmonton|Fellows of St Peter's College, Oxford|Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey players|Canadian expatriates in England|Canadian people of Irish descent|Canadian Roman Catholics|Canadian economists|Irish economists|Irish people of Canadian descent|Goldman Sachs people|Governors of the Bank of Canada|Governors of the Bank of England|Group of Thirty|Harvard University alumni|Living people|Officers of the Order of Canada|People from Fort Smith, Northwest Territories |
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