| 词条 | Mark S. Wrighton |
| 释义 |
| birth_name = Mark Stephen Wrighton | name = Mark S. Wrighton | image = | imagesize = | caption = | order = 14th | office = Chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis | term_start = {{Start date|1995|07|1}} | term_end = | predecessor = William "Bill" H. Danforth | successor = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1949|06|11|mf=yes}} | birth_place = Jacksonville, Florida | death_date = | death_place = | alma_mater = Florida State University {{small|(BS)}} California Institute of Technology {{small|(PhD)}} | residence = St. Louis, Missouri | profession = College administrator, Chemist | religion = | spouse = Risa Zwerling Wrighton | children = | website = {{URL|chancellor.wustl.edu|Office of the Chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis}}| }} Mark Stephen Wrighton (born June 11, 1949)[1] is an American academic and chemist, and the current chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis. Early life and educationBorn in Jacksonville, Florida, Wrighton grew up in Tennessee, where his father worked at the Naval Air Station in Memphis.[2] Initially, Wrighton intended to study mathematics and government at Florida State University. Instead, inspired by his freshman chemistry professor, Jack Saltiel, he switched his major to chemistry.[2] Wrighton received his bachelor's degree with honors in chemistry at Florida State University in 1969, winning the Monsanto Chemistry Award for outstanding research. He received his PhD in 1972 at the age of 22 from the California Institute of Technology, working under Harry B. Gray and George S. Hammond. His doctoral dissertation subject was Photoprocesses in Metal-Containing Molecules. At Caltech he became the first recipient of the Herbert Newby McCoy Award.[4] Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyWrighton joined the faculty of the chemistry department at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the fall of 1972 as an assistant professor. In 1976, he was promoted to associate professor and was made a full professor the following year, 1977. Wrighton held the Frederick G. Keyes Chair in Chemistry from 1981 to 1989, when he was given the newly endowed Ciba-Geigy Chair in Chemistry.[4] In 1983, he received a MacArthur Foundation "genius grant."[3] Wrighton's research interests are centered on photochemistry and transition metal catalysis, and include surface chemistry, molecular electronics and photoprocesses at electrodes.[4] His goals include understanding the basic principles underlying the conversion of solar energy to chemical fuels and electricity, creating new catalysts, studying chemical activity at interfaces, and developing new electro-chemical devices.[8] Wrighton has carried out work in the areas of inorganic photochemistry, photocatalysis and the use of solar energy in photovoltaics. In the early 1970s he discovered photoluminescence in a new class of rhenium (I) tricarbonyl diimine complexes.[4] In the 1980s he and his co-workers developed molecule-based transistors using shadow deposition techniques to create polyaniline layers on Au electrodes.[5][6] Wrighton was one of the first researchers to introduce the idea of electrochemical gating as a way of controlling charge transport in molecular electronics.[7] One of his later areas of research involved attempting to chemically mimic photosynthesis.[13] He has written more than 300 journal articles and holds at least 16 patents.[4] He is co-author of Organometallic Photochemistry (1979, with Gregory L. Geoffroy), and editor of books and conference proceedings. During his time at MIT, Wrighton supervised the doctoral research of more than 70 students.[8] In 1987, Wrighton became the head of MIT's chemistry department. He became MIT's provost in 1990.[4] Washington University in St. LouisIn 1995, he left MIT to become chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis. The new position required him to give up an active research career.[9] He is among the highest paid university heads in the United States, making $738,000 in 2007.[10][11] In early 2007 Wrighton was mentioned as a candidate for Harvard University's presidency.[12][13] As chancellor, he led a major capital campaign and university reorganization process which resulted in the creation of 165 new endowed professorships, as well curriculum reform. He was elected chairman of the Association of American Universities.[3] He is also a past chair of the Business-Higher Education Forum. Wrighton was criticized in May 2008 when the university's Board of Trustees voted to honor alumna Phyllis Schlafly with an honorary doctorate, leading to outrage from opponents to her stance on gender issues and from many other members of the university community opposed to her disbelief in evolution. Wrighton distanced himself from the board's decision with a letter to the community disavowing Schlafly's views on science.[14] On October 6, 2017, Wrighton announced his intent to leave the chancellorship no later than July 1, 2019. National science policyWrighton has served as a presidential appointee to the National Science Board (2000-2006), which acts as science policy advisor to the President and Congress and the National Science Foundation.[15] While at Washington University in St. Louis, Wrighton was one of the signees of a letter from the Association of American Universities, urging all representatives of the U.S. Government to vote in favor of H.R. 810, the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005.[16] With leaders at three other Missouri universities, Wrighton wrote in support of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) research for medical treatment, urging Missouri legislators to distinguish it from the use of stem cells for human reproductive cloning.[17][18] International academic leadershipWrighton inaugurated the McDonnell International Scholars Academy as Chancellor at Washington University.[28] He brought Washington University into the University Alliance of the Silk Road, the academic arm of China's One Belt, One Road initiative, as the first North American partner.[28] He serves as the only American member of the Executive Committee of the Universities Alliance of the Silk Road.[28] Awards and honors
Fellowships and appointments
References1. ^{{cite book|last1=John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|title=The MacArthur Fellows Program: the first decade, 1981-1991|date=1993|publisher=John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation|location=Chicago|page=176|url=https://books.google.com/?id=K8oiAQAAIAAJ&dq=Mark+S.+Wrighton+1949&q=June+11,+1949#search_anchor|accessdate=24 April 2015}} 2. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Kidder|first1=Rushworth M.|title=Formulas for Making Choices|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/1989/1211/pwri.html|accessdate=24 April 2015|work=Christian Science Monitor|date=December 11, 1989}} 3. ^1 {{cite news|title=FSU alumnus Mark Wrighton, leader in higher education, is awarded honorary doctorate|url=http://www.fsu.edu/news/2007/05/15/wrighton.honored/|accessdate=24 April 2015|work=FSU News}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=De Cola|first1=Luisa|last2=Chiorboli|first2=C.|title=Molecular wires : from design to properties|date=2005|publisher=Springer| location=Berlin|isbn=9783540257936|page=4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DGpgPzH9KUEC&pg=PA3|accessdate=24 April 2015}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Sasabe|first1=Hiroyuki|title=Hyper-structured molecules II : chemistry, physics and applications (2nd International Forum on Hyper-Structured Molecules Sapporo, Japan, 30 May - 1 June 1997)|date=2000|publisher=Gordon & Breach|location=Amsterdam|isbn=978-9056992156|pages=25|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kXbsDWtyp8wC&pg=PA32}} 6. ^{{cite journal|last1=Jones|first1=E. Tracy Turner|last2=Chyan|first2=Oliver M.|last3=Wrighton|first3=Mark S.|title=Preparation and characterization of molecule-based transistors with a 50-nanometer source-drain separation with use of shadow deposition techniques. Toward faster, more sensitive molecule-based devices|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|date=September 1987|volume=109|issue=18|pages=5526–5528|doi=10.1021/ja00252a039}} 7. ^{{cite book|last1=Metzger|first1=Robert M.|title=Unimolecular and Supramolecular Electronics II: Chemistry and Physics Meet at Metal-Molecule Interfaces|date=Jan 10, 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=59_0wTR4I9gC&pg=PA132|accessdate=24 April 2015|isbn=9783642273971}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|title=Mark S. Wrighton Chancellor, Washington University in St. Louis|url=http://news.wustl.edu/news/Pages/6005.aspx|website=Washington University in St. Louis|date=July 20, 2006}} 9. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Hoke|first1=Franklin|title=MIT Provost Mark Wrighton Moves To Washington University As Longtime Chancellor William H. Danforth Steps Down|url=http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/17489/title/MIT-Provost-Mark-Wrighton-Moves-To-Washington-University-As-Longtime-Chancellor-William-H--Danforth-Steps-Down/|accessdate=24 April 2015|work=The Scientist|date=July 10, 1995}} 10. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/stories/2008/11/17/daily43.html |title=Wash. U.'s Wrighton takes pay cut, endowment drops 25% |author=Kelsey Volkmann |work=St. Louis Business Journal |date=November 19, 2008 |accessdate=2010-01-12}} 11. ^{{cite news | title=Chancellor's salary higher than Harvard, Duke | last=Lewis | first=Elizabeth | url=http://www.studlife.com/media/paper337/news/2005/10/26/News/Chancellors.Salary.Higher.Than.Harvard.Duke-1033962.shtml | work=Student Life | date=October 26, 2005 | accessdate=2007-10-28}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=516187|title=Panel Considers 30 for Top Job | News | The Harvard Crimson|publisher=thecrimson.com|accessdate=2014-12-11}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.studlife.com/archives/News/2007/01/22/WrightonlikelycontenderforHarvardpresidentposition/|title=Wrighton likely contender for Harvard president position|publisher=studlife.com|accessdate=2014-12-11}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.studlife.com/archives/Press/2008/05/05/StudentsFacultyquietlyprotestSchlaflyatCommencement/ |title=Students, Faculty quietly protest Schlafly at Commencement|publisher=studlife.com|accessdate=2014-12-11}} 15. ^{{cite book|last1=Academies|first1=Committee on America's Energy Future, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, National Research Council of the National|title=America's energy future : technology and transformation|date=2009|publisher=National Academies Press|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-0309141451|pages=642|edition=Summary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ERBkAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA641|accessdate=24 April 2015}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=Letter to all Members of the U.S. House of Representatives|url=https://www.aau.edu/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=2920|website=Association of American Universities|publisher=May 23, 2005|accessdate=24 April 2015}} 17. ^{{cite news|last1=Watts|first1=Judy H.|title=Stem Cells Hold Great Promise|url=http://magazine-archives.wustl.edu/spring05/StevenTeitelbaum.htm|accessdate=24 April 2015|work=Washington University in St. Louis Magazine|date=2005}} 18. ^{{cite news|last1=McCook|first1=Alison|title=Missouri stem cell ban possible Both sides of somatic cell nuclear transfer debate are pleading their case to legislators|url=http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/23224/title/Missouri-stem-cell-ban-possible/|accessdate=24 April 2015|work=The Scientist|date=January 3, 2005}} 19. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news|title=National Academy of Inventors elects Chancellor Wrighton as Fellow|url=http://news.wustl.edu/news/Pages/26278.aspx|accessdate=24 April 2015|work=Washington University in St. Louis|date=December 12, 2013}} 20. ^{{cite web|title=Mark S. Wrighton|url=http://www.corning.com/investor_relations/corporate_governance/board_of_directors/Mark_S_Wrighton.aspx|website=Corning Incorporated Board of Directors|accessdate=24 April 2015}} 21. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=美国圣路易斯华盛顿大学主页报道推进与西安交大实质性合作|url=http://xjtu120th.xjtu.edu.cn/info/1054/2854.htm| date = 15 April 2016 | accessdate = 30 September 2016}} External links
7 : 1949 births|California Institute of Technology alumni|Chancellors of Washington University in St. Louis|Florida State University alumni|Living people|Massachusetts Institute of Technology provosts|MacArthur Fellows |
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