| 词条 | Marlyn Meltzer |
| 释义 |
Marlyn Wescoff Meltzer (1922 – December 4, 2008[1]) was one of the six original programmers of ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic digital computer. The other five members were Kathleen McNulty Mauchly Antonelli, Jean Jennings Bartik, Frances Snyder Holberton, Frances Spence and Ruth Lichterman Teitelbaum.[2] LifeMeltzer was born Marlyn Wescoff in Philadelphia and graduated from Temple University in 1942. She was hired by the Moore School of Engineering later that year to perform weather calculations, mainly because she knew how to operate an adding machine; in 1943, she was hired to perform calculations for ballistics trajectories.[3]]At the time this was accomplished by using manual desktop mechanical calculators. In 1945, she was selected to become one of the first group of ENIAC programmers. The other five ENIAC women were Kathleen McNulty, Betty Jennings, Betty Snyder, Frances Bilas and Ruth Teitelbaum.[4] ENIACENIAC was a huge machine full of black panels and switches, containing 17,468 vacuum tubes, 7200 crystal diodes, 1500 relays, 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors and approximately 5,000,000 hand-soldered joints. It weighed more than 30 short tons, occupied 167m2 and consumed 150 kW of electricity. Its huge power requirement led to a rumor that the lights across Philadelphia would dim every time it was switched on.[5] ENIAC was unveiled to the public on February 14, 1946, their program captured the imagination of the press and made headlines across the country.[6] Although mentioned in Woman of the ENIAC, at the time, little recognition was attributed to the women working on the computer. The ENIAC became a very important machine during this time. The male engineers that build the machine soon became famous. The woman who ran this machine soon disappeared from history. She resigned from the team in 1947 to get married before ENIAC was relocated to the Aberdeen Proving Grounds.[3] In 1997 Meltzer was inducted into the Women in Technology International hall of fame, along with the other original ENIAC programmers. This award was established in 1996 by WITI to recognize, honor, and promote the outstanding contributions women make to the scientific and technological communities that improve and evolve our society. Volunteer workMeltzer enjoyed volunteering at Shir Ami Library and Sunday school story hour. She also delivered Meals on Wheels for more than 10 years for the Greenwood House in Ewing, NJ. She was the treasurer of the Trenton/Lawrenceville chapter of Hadassah and an active member of Women for Greenwood House. During her last four years, she had knitted more than 500 chemotherapy hats for the Susan B. Komen Foundation in Philadelphia.[7] DeathMeltzer died on December 7, 2008 at Yardley, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, USA.[7] LegacyIn 1997 she was inducted into the Women in Technology International Hall of Fame, along with the other original ENIAC programmers. Her work on ENIAC and at the University of Pennsylvania was later recognized in the 2010 documentary film The Female "Computers" of WWII. See also
References1. ^ENIAC Programmers Memorials, eniacprogrammers.org, access date 24 July 2014 2. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.witi.com/center/witimuseum/halloffame/298369/ENIAC-Programmers-Kathleen-McNulty,-Mauchly-Antonelli,-Jean-Jennings-Bartik,-Frances-Synder-Holber-Marlyn-Wescoff-Meltzer,-Frances-Bilas-Spence-and-Ruth-Lichterman-Teitelbaum/|title = WITI Hall of Fame|date = |accessdate = December 9, 2015|website = Featured Profile|publisher = |last = |first = }} 3. ^1 IEEE Global Networl. Marlyn Meltzer. Ret. March 2014 4. ^W. Barkley Fritz. 1996. The Women of ENIAC {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052225/http://www.eg.bucknell.edu/~csci203/2012-fall/hw/hw06/assets/womenOfENIAC.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }}. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 18:3. pp. 13-28. 5. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.lifehacker.com.au/2015/11/invisible-women-the-six-human-computers-behind-the-eniac/|title = Invisible Women: The Six Human Computers Behind The ENIAC|date = 10 November 2015|accessdate = 9 December 2015|website = Life Hacker|publisher = |last = |first = }} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.eniacprogrammers.org/overview.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081212074957/http://eniacprogrammers.org/overview.shtml |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2008-12-12 |title=Overview |date= |accessdate=December 9, 2015 |website=ENIAC Programmers Project |publisher= |last= |first= }} 7. ^1 {{Cite web|url = https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/32153269|title = Marlyn Wescoff Meltzer|date = |accessdate = December 9, 2015|website = Find A Grave|publisher = |last = |first = }} External links{{Listen|type=speech|pos=right|filename=The ENIAC Programmers (As Told By U.S. Chief Technology Officer Megan Smith).ogg|title=The ENIAC Programmers (As Told By U.S. Chief Technology Officer Megan Smith)|description= }}
3 : 1922 births|2008 deaths|Women computer scientists |
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