| 词条 | Maroun al-Ras |
| 释义 |
| name = Maroun al-Rass | native_name = مارون الراس | native_name_lang = ara | settlement_type = Village | image_skyline =File:Maroun al-Ras 6898.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = The village of Maroun al-Ras, as seen from the Israeli side of the border, near Avivim | pushpin_map = Lebanon | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = Map showing the location of Maroun al-Ras within Lebanon | pushpin_map_caption = Location within Lebanon | coordinates = {{coord|33|04|50|N|35|25|20|E|region:LB_type:city|display=inline,title}} |grid_position =191/278 PAL | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flagcountry|Lebanon}} | subdivision_type1 = Governorate | subdivision_name1 = Nabatieh Governorate | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Bint Jbeil District | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m =945 | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | timezone1 = EET | utc_offset1 = +2 | timezone1_DST = EEST | utc_offset1_DST = +3 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = | area_code_type = Dialing code | area_code = +961(7) | website = | footnotes = }} Maroun al-Ras ({{lang-ar|مارون الراس}})[1] is a Lebanese village nestled in Jabal Amel (Mount Amel) in the district of Bint Jbeil in the Nabatiye Governorate in southern Lebanon. It is located around {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}} south east of Beirut, roughly one km (0.62 mi) from the Israeli border. HistoryIn 1596, it was named as a village, Marun ar-Ras, in the Ottoman nahiya (subdistrict) of Tibnin under the liwa' (district) of Safad, with a population of 97 Muslim households. The villagers paid a fixed tax of 25% on agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, olive trees, vineyards, goats and beehives, in addition to "occasional revenues" and an olive oil press; a total of 8,960 akçe.[2][3] In 1838 Edward Robinson noted it as a village located on a higher hill than Yarun.[4] In 1881, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it: "A stone village, with some large stones built into walls, containing about 150 Moslems, situated on the top of high hills, with vineyards and arable land; water is obtained from 'Ain Hara, and cisterns in the village."[5] They further noted: "At this village there area considerable number of well-cut stones and remains, which indicate that there was once a church here similar to that at Yarun; these stones have been mostly found to the west of the village, in vineyards. A capital of a column, with mediaeval ornamentation, and a small piece of sculptured stone, with leaves and figures as at Yarun, are in the village. There is also an architrave with a Greek inscription, in three pieces."[6] In the 1945 statistics the population was counted with Saliha and Yaroun, and totalled 1070 Muslims[7] with 11,735 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.[8] Of this, 7,401 dunams were allocated to cereals, 422 dunams were irrigated or used for orchards,[9] while 58 dunams were built-up (urban) area.[10] Lebanese Civil WarOn March 1, 1978 the village was occupied by a force of 60 Phalangists, drawn from the villages around Ain Ebel, at the behest of the Israeli military and led to believe by Israeli advisors that they would be welcomed with open arms by the inhabitants. The Phalangists had received vague promises of air support from Israel should they be met with resistance, which they never received. Seven Phalangists were killed when Fatah militants and their allied of the Lebanese National Movement arrived, and the rest of the phalangists had to flee. Israeli troops remained in Ain Ebel until Israel's invasion of Lebanon two weeks later.[11] 2006 Lebanon War{{Main|Battle of Maroun al-Ras}}The village was the scene of a major confrontation between the Israeli Army and Hezbollah fighters during the 2006 Lebanon War.[12] Maroun al-Ras is strategically important as it overlooks the surrounding towns. The village's elevation is {{convert|911|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}}. During the Battle of Maroun al-Ras of the 2006 Lebanon War, the village was partly occupied by Israel, which claimed it was a stronghold for Hezbollah and one of the launching points for rocket attacks on northern Israel.[13] There are reports that control of the village was contested at the time of the ceasefire. After-battle reports claimed the IDF troops never fully secured the border area and that Maroun al-Ras was never fully taken.[14][15] References1. ^Meaning "Mârân of the head (a headland)" or from a personal name, according to Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/88/mode/1up 88] 2. ^Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 181 3. ^Note that Rhode, 1979, p. [https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century 6] writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9 4. ^Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/371/mode/1up 371] 5. ^Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/202/mode/1up 202] 6. ^Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/251/mode/1up 251] 7. ^Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 11 8. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 71 9. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 121 10. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 171 11. ^{{Cite book |author= Tveit, Odd Karsten |authorlink= Odd Karsten Tveit |title= Nederlag. Israels krig i Libanon |year= 1985 |publisher= Cappelen |language= Norwegian |ISBN= 82-02-09346-5 |pages= 50–52}} 12. ^Israel Enters Southern Lebanon - Hits Maroun al-Ras and Yaroun Villages :: Middle East News and Perspectives :: Hyscience 13. ^http://sg.news.yahoo.com/060722/3/429gv.html{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 14. ^Asia Times HOW HEZBOLLAH DEFEATED ISRAEL-PART 2: Winning the ground war 15. ^{{Cite web |url=http://abudis.net/humbling_of_the_super_troops.htm |title=Timesonline August 27, 2006 Humbling of the supertroops shatters Israeli army morale |access-date=2016-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913165825/http://abudis.net/humbling_of_the_super_troops.htm |archive-date=2016-09-13 |dead-url=yes |df= }} Bibliography{{refbegin}}
External links
2 : Populated places in Nabatieh Governorate|Bint Jbeil District |
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