“Marsaskala”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Marsaskala (M'Skala, {{lang-mt|Wied il-Għajn}}), sometimes spelt Marsascala (M'Scala), is a sea-side village in the South Eastern Region of Malta that has grown around the small harbour at the head of Marsaskala Bay, a long narrow inlet also known as Marsaskala Creek. The bay is sheltered to the north by Ras iż-Żonqor, the south-east corner of Malta, and to the south by the headland of Ras il-Gżira.

The parish church is dedicated to Santa Anna (Saint Anne) and the feast is celebrated at the end of July in Marsaskala.

The town has a winter population of 12,134 people (as of March 2014), but swells to around 20,000 in summer.^[1]

Etymology

Different opinions exist regarding the origin of the name Marsaskala. While it is commonly agreed that Marsa is an Arabic word meaning bay, Skala has given rise to different interpretations. It could have been derived from Sqalli (Sicilian) for Marsaskala was frequented by Sicilian fishermen since Malta is just {{convert|60|mi|0|abbr=out}} south from Sicily. Maybe it was derived from the Sicilian 'Piccola Cala' meaning little inlet or it was just a reference to some rock-cut steps on the water's edge since scala also means a straight flight of steps.

Marsaskala is better known as Wied il-Għajn by the Maltese as the bay and the old small village are flanked by two valleys, through which a spring of fresh water used to flow down into the innermost bay. Wied means valley and Għajn (pronounced ayn) refers to the spring of fresh water. Literally, Wied il-Għajn means Valley of the Spring.^[2]

History

Human inhabited the area since pre-history, as evidenced by a number archaeological remains. Some of the ancient remains are the cart-ruts, which are parallel channels formed in the rock.^[7]

Early Christian catacombs, as well as Roman era remains, were discovered in Marsaskala, the latter suggesting that Marsaskala was also a Roman port.^[7] Remains of Roman Baths were found in a field at il-Gżira, a rock peninsula behind the Jerma Palace Hotel.

In 1614, 60 Turkish ships carrying 6000 soldiers landed at Marsaskala and launched an attack on the south of Malta. Although the battle was a decisive Christian victory, it brought back fear and terrifying memories of the 1565 Great Siege of Malta. Marsaskala's vulnerability to sea borne attacks was reduced by the building of Saint Thomas Tower later in that same year. The tower was financed by Grandmaster Alof de Wignacourt and it is one of a series of Wignacourt towers. St Thomas Tower continued to be used for military purposes until the 19th century and it has been recently restored.^[8]

In 1659, Żonqor Tower, one of 13 De Redin towers was built in the area. This tower was demolished in 1915 by British military engineers. No traces of it can be seen anymore and a pillbox now stands in its place. Marsaskala has various other towers, but these were built privately by wealthy residents as fortified houses. These include Mamo Tower, Tal-Buttar Tower and Tal-Gardiel Tower.^[9]

In 1715, Briconet Redoubt was built by the Order and it is now well preserved and is used as a police station. A second redoubt was built close to Marsaskala but it was destroyed in 1915.^[10]

In 1882, the British built Żonqor Battery but it was not used a lot since it was unsuitable for proper defence.^[11]

In 2003, U.S. amateur pseudo-archaeologist Bob Cornuke caused a controversy with sweeping statements written in his book The Lost Shipwreck of St. Paul, where he claimed that the Apostle Paul had been shipwrecked in St Thomas' Bay, in Marsaskala. His claim was never confirmed and discredited by those related in the field, though St. Thomas Bay (and simultaneously several bays in the Mediterranean) matches the limited description found in the 27th chapter of the book of Acts: a sandy beach, rocky shoreline, deep water (about 90 foot depth) relatively close to shore, and the discovery of four identical Roman Era ship anchors found in the bay during the 1960s, now in the Malta Maritime Museum.^[12]{{reliable source|date=November 2016|why=local sources never accepted this view and professional historians discredited his commercial claims. The person in questions has misinterpreted several "findings"}}

As a monument over the more recent Maltese history are the remains of the previous four-star Corinthia Jerma Palace Hotel at the very tip of mainland Ras il-Gżira.^[13] The hotel was owned by Libyan Arab Foreign Investment Company for 25 years and was closed in March 2007.^[14]

Government

The first council in Marsaskala was formed in April 1994. The first village mayor was also Malta's first female mayor, Marvic Attard Gialanze.

The main issue in this election was the controversial proposal of the building of a new waste recycling plant and a number of biogas tanks in Sant' Antnin Valley. This development is being challenged by a committee composed of seven Labour-led local councils (including Marsaskala) and eight local non-government organisations. The matter has been raised in the European Parliament.^[15]

The former President George Abela, the former Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi and two Labour Members of Parliament, Dr Owen Bonnici and Dr Helena Dalli live in the Marsaskala area, as does the leader of the defunct party Azzjoni Nazzjonali, Josie Muscat.

Geography

The town of Marsaskala is located in the south east of Malta, around the small harbour at the head of Marsaskala Bay, a long narrow inlet also known as Marsaskala Creek. The bay is sheltered to the north by Ras iż-Żonqor, the south-east corner of Malta, and to the south by the headland of Ras il-Gżira.

The town itself is located along both sides of the bay, and across most of Il-Ħamrija, a creek leading to Il-Ponta tal-Gzira. The shore north of Ras iż-Żonqor is of low cliffs, with shelving rock ledges south of the point. Marsaskala Bay is largely edged by promenade, with low shelving rock ledges cut with salt pans on the seaward face of Ras iċ-Ċerna, which continue on round the eastern point, past l-Abjad iż-Żgħir, and into Il-Bajja ta' San Tumas (St Thomas Bay) to the south.

Sports

The main sports in Marsaskala are football and waterpolo. Marsaskala F.C. are Malta's newest football club. Founded in 2010, they won promotion in 2013 and currently play in the MFA Second Division.

Marsaskala Sports Club, founded in 1927, and re-founded in 1974 is one of the oldest waterpolo clubs in Malta. Having languished in the second division for many years, Marsaskala Sports Club established themselves as one of Malta's top teams in the mid-nineties. In 1997 they were crowned Malta champions, the only season the trophy was won by a club from southern Malta. They have represented Malta in the Ligue Européenne de Natation (LEN) Trophy in Chios, Greece in 1997 and the European Champions Cup in 1998 in Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic, becoming the first Maltese team to win two European Champions Cup matches, against Swiss champions Horgen and the hosts themselves.

Several Marsaskala Sports Club products have also played with distinction in the national team, amongst of which were Charles Flask, Alfred Xuereb il-Yogi, Charles Żammit, Joseph Caruana Dingli, Anton Privitera, Paul Privitera and John Licari. Both Joseph Caruana Dingli and Paul Privitera have also captained the Malta national team on many occasions.

Marsaskala was also the venue of the 2005 European Eight-ball Pool Championships and the European Darts Championships, both held at the Jerma Palace Hotel.

International relations

Twin towns - sister cities

Marsaskala is a member of the Douzelage, a unique town twinning association of 24 towns across the European Union. This active town twinning began in 1991 and Marsaskala joined in 2009. There are regular events, such as a produce market from each of the other countries and festivals.^[17]^[18]

Marsaskala main roads

Further reading

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Estimated Population by Locality 31st March, 2014 |url=https://secure2.gov.mt/localgovernment/file.aspx?f=7810 |publisher=Government of Malta |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6ZSEwl5UZ?url=https://secure2.gov.mt/localgovernment/file.aspx?f=7810 |archivedate=21 June 2015 |date=16 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
2. ^Marsaskala Parish
3. ^{{cite book|last1=Guillaumier|first1=Alfie|title=Bliet u Rħula Maltin|date=2005|publisher=Klabb Kotba Maltin|isbn=99932-39-40-2|pages=961–962}}
4. ^{{cite journal|journal=L-Imnara |last=Jaccarini |first=C. J. |date=2002 |title=Il-Muxrabija, wirt l-Iżlam fil-Gżejjer Maltin |url=http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/L-Imnara/L-Imnara.%2007(2002)1=26/05s.pdf |volume=7 |issue=1 |publisher=Rivista tal-Għaqda Maltija tal-Folklor |page=20 |language=Maltese |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418035928/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/L-Imnara/L-Imnara.%2007%282002%291%3D26/05s.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2016 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
5. ^{{cite journal|journal=Vigilo|last=Azzopardi|first=Joe|date=April 2012|title=A Survey of the Maltese Muxrabijiet|url=http://dinlarthelwa.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/41_Final.pdf|publisher=Din l-Art Helwa|location=Valletta|volume=|issue=41|page=30|issn=1026-132X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115112647/http://dinlarthelwa.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/41_Final.pdf|archive-date=15 November 2015}}
6. ^https://www.gov.mt/en/Government/Government%20Gazette/Documents/2016/11/Government%20Gazette%20-%2018th%20November.pdf
7. ^¹[https://era.org.mt/en/Documents/Il-Maghluq%20ta'%20Marsaskala_ManagementPlan.pdf p. 55]
8. ^{{cite web|last1=Spiteri|first1=Stephen C.|title=St. Thomas Tower and Battery|url=http://www.militaryarchitecture.com/index.php/Fortifications/st-thomas-tower-and-battery.html|website=Military Architecture|accessdate=31 August 2014}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Protection Granted to a Further 29 Buildings and Sites|url=http://www.mepa.org.mt/newslet22-article1|website=MEPA|accessdate=31 August 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903122543/http://www.mepa.org.mt/newslet22-article1|archivedate=3 September 2014|df=dmy-all}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Fortifications |url=http://marsaskala.lc.com.mt/fortifications/ |website=Marsaskala Local Council |accessdate=31 August 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316102719/http://marsaskala.lc.com.mt/fortifications/ |archivedate=16 March 2016 |df= }}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Batterija Taz Zonqor|url=http://www.zonqor.com/marsaskala/batterija-taz-zonqor.html|website=Zonqor|accessdate=31 August 2014}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Searching for St. Paul's Shipwreck|url=http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/2010/february/searching-for-pauls-shipwreck-on-malta/|website=CBN|accessdate=21 July 2015}}
13. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20110913/local/jerma-hotel-becomes-a-dumping-ground.384597 |title=Jerma Hotel becomes a hulk |publisher=Times of Malta |date=13 September 2011 |accessdate=29 March 2015}}
14. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20080819/local/developers-announce-plans-to-build-luxury-hotel-apartments-on-jerma.221355 |title=Developers announce plans to build luxury hotel, apartments on Jerma site |publisher=Times of Malta |date=19 August 2008 |accessdate=29 March 2015}}
15. ^{{cite news|last1=Borg|first1=Steve|title=The ‘Marsascala Committee Against the Recycling Plant’ visit European Parliament|url=http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2007-04-01/news/the-marsascala-committee-against-the-recycling-plant-visit-european-parliament-171385/|accessdate=26 March 2013|work=The Malta Independent|date=1 April 2007}}
16. ^https://www.tvm.com.mt/en/news/dangerous-structure-used-for-diving-removed-at-san-tumas-bay/
17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.douzelage.org/ |title=Douzelage.org: Home |publisher=www.douzelage.org |accessdate=21 October 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217044329/http://www.douzelage.org/ |archivedate=17 February 2010 |df=dmy-all }}
18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.douzelage.org/index.php?id=15 |title=Douzelage.org: Member Towns |publisher=www.douzelage.org |accessdate=21 October 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406142434/http://www.douzelage.org/index.php?id=15 |archivedate=6 April 2009 |df=dmy-all }}