| 词条 | Martin 2-0-2 | |||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Martin 2-0-2 was an airliner introduced in 1947. The twin piston-engined fixed-wing aircraft was designed and built by the Glenn L. Martin Company. Design and developmentGlenn L. Martin, president of the company, intended that the Model 2-0-2 would be a replacement for the Douglas DC-3. It was also known as the "Martin Executive". The first flight of the model was in November 1946. Full civilian certification was gained in August 1947, several months before competing aircraft types. The total production of 2-0-2s and 2-0-2As was 47 aircraft.[1] The aircraft was not pressurized, but was considered a long-range airliner. The fatal crash in 1948 of Northwest Airlines Flight 421 revealed a serious structural problem in the wings. Structural metal fatigue was the problem in a major wing spar. Alloy 7075-T6 was used, which is susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking and low toughness. The airliner was grounded and modifications were made. The wing components were redesigned and the engines replaced. The changed type was designated the Martin 2-0-2A. Operational historyOn November 13, 1945 Pennsylvania Central Airlines purchased a fleet of 35 Martin 2-0-2s from the Glenn Martin Company for $7,000,000.[1] Two weeks later, Colonial Airlines announced that they would purchase 20 airplanes for $4,000,000, scheduled for delivery in 1947.[2] Early in the next year, Martin announced that Pennsylvania Central Airlines had ordered 15 more 2-0-2s, bringing the total aircraft on order in early January 1947 to 137 aircraft, with a sales value of $27,000,000.[3] Despite the announcement of these large orders, the contract terms allowed the airlines to cancel them without any penalty.[4] The 2-0-2 was unpressurised, unlike the competing Convair 240. Therefore, as delays in production built up, all airlines except Northwest, TWA, LAN, and LAV cancelled their orders and only 31 2-0-2s and 12 2-0-2As were actually delivered to the airlines.[4] The first scheduled flight was on Northwest between Minneapolis and Chicago on 13 October 1947. The 2-0-2 was the first airplane subjected to the CAA's then new 'Accelerated Service Test', introduced May 15, 1947. In this test, an airliner was to undergo a rigorous 150-hour test, attempting to squeeze one year's service into a week to 10 days of flying. The 2-0-2 made such a test visiting about 50 cities in 7 days. At each city, comprehensive inspections were made of the aircraft systems to assess how wear or malfunction would occur.[5] TWA and Northwest, initial customers of the 2-0-2, eventually sold theirs to California Central and Pioneer Airlines. Later, Allegheny Airlines acquired many of the 2-0-2s as part of the company's expansion plans, beginning June 1, 1955. Eventually, they acquired a total of 18 aircraft. Only one of this type of aircraft is known to survive,{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}} at the Aviation Hall of Fame and Museum of New Jersey. This airliner was eventually developed into the Martin 4-0-4, which was more successful. VariantsThe Martin Company designated the following quantities for the airlines (though not all were built), listed by Martin Model number:{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}
Operators♠ original operators
Accidents and incidentsThe Martin 2-0-2 had 13 hull-loss accidents and incidents of which nine were fatal accidents.[11]
Specifications (Martin 2-0-2){{Aircraft specs|ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1951–52[23] |prime units?=imp
|length m= |length ft=71 |length in=4 |span m= |span ft=93 |span in=3 |height m= |height ft=28 |height in=5 |wing area sqm= |wing area sqft=864 |empty weight kg= |empty weight lb=25086 |gross weight kg= |gross weight lb= |max takeoff weight lb=39900 |fuel capacity=
|avionics= }} See also{{Portal|Aviation}}{{aircontent|related=
|similar aircraft=
|lists=
|see also= }} Notes1. ^The Chester Times (Pennsylvania), November 13, 1945, page 3 2. ^Frederick News-Post (Maryland), November 29, 1945, page 1 3. ^Syracuse Herald Journal, January 8, 1946, page 35 4. ^1 {{Harvnb|Killion|1997|pp=19–20}} 5. ^Big Spring Daily Herald (Texas), August 12, 1947, page 3 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 {{Harvnb|Eastwood|Roach| 1991|pp=267–269}} 7. ^{{Harvnb|Killion|1997|pp=128–129}} 8. ^{{Harvnb|Killion|1997|p=142}} 9. ^{{Harvnb|Killion|1997|p=144}} 10. ^{{Harvnb|Killion|1997|p=149}} 11. ^Martin 2-0-2 12. ^Northwest Orient Flight 421 13. ^Northwest Orient Flight 307 14. ^Northwest Orient NC93037 15. ^Northwest Orient 115 (1950) 16. ^{{Harvnb|Killion|1997|p=168}} 17. ^Northwest Orient 115 (1951) 18. ^Transocean Air Flight 5763 19. ^N93043 20. ^Trans World Airways Flight 694 21. ^N172A 22. ^Allegheny Airlines Flight 371 23. ^{{Harvnb|Bridgman|1951|pp=265c–266c}} References{{Refbegin}}
External links{{commons category|Martin 202}}
| title = US Airways: A Heritage Story | url = http://www.usair.com/awa/content/aboutus/pressroom/history/allegheny.aspx | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061113162241/http://www.usair.com/awa/content/aboutus/pressroom/history/allegheny.aspx | archivedate=November 13, 2006 | accessdate = December 12, 2009 }}
| url = http://ntl1.specialcollection.net/scripts/ws.dll?file&fn=8&name=*S%3A%5CDOT_56GB%5Cairplane%20accidents%5Cwebsearch%5C082948.pdf | title = Civil Aeronautics Board Accident Report for the first crash of a Martin 2-0-2 | format = PDF | accessdate= }} (text version also available) (if links above fail to load report, visit http://dotlibrary.specialcollection.net and select "Historical Aircraft Accident Reports (1934-1965)", then retry report links){{Martin aircraft}} 5 : United States airliners 1940–1949|Martin aircraft|Low-wing aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1946|Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft |
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