| 词条 | Martin Sostre |
| 释义 |
| name = Martin Sostre | image = Martin Sostre Portrait.jpg | alt = | caption = photo of Martin Sostre asa young man by Jerry Ross (painter) [Image reflects Sostre as an older man, see: Ebony, October 1970, p.122] | birth_name = | birth_date = March 20, 1923 | birth_place = Harlem, New York | death_date = August 12, 2015 (aged 92) | death_place = | nationality = American | other_names = | known_for = Activism, being falsely imprisoned | occupation = }} Martin Ramirez Sostre (March 20, 1923 – August 12, 2015) was an American activist known for his role in the prisoners' rights movement. He served time in Attica prison during the early 1960s, where he embraced doctrines as diverse as Black Muslimism, Black nationalism, Internationalism, and finally anarchism. In 1966 Sostre opened the first[1] Afro-Asian Bookstore at 1412 Jefferson[2] in Buffalo, New York.[3] For its somewhat short existence, Sostre's bookstore was a center for radical thought and education in the Buffalo ghetto. As Sostre details: {{quote|I taught continually - giving out pamphlets free to those who had no money. I let them sit and read for hours in the store. Some would come back every day and read the same book until they finished it. This was the opportunity I had dreamed about - to be able to help my people by increasing the political awareness of the youth.[4]}}Sostre was arrested at his bookstore on July 14, 1967 for "narcotics, riot, arson, and assault" (charges later proven to be fabricated, part of a COINTELPRO program[5]). He was convicted and sentenced to serve forty-one years and thirty days. Sostre became a jailhouse lawyer, regularly acting as legal counsel to other inmates and winning two landmark legal cases involving prisoner rights: Sostre v. Rockefeller and Sostre v. Otis. According to Sostre, these decisions constituted "a resounding defeat for the establishment who will now find it exceedingly difficult to torture with impunity the thousands of captive black (and white) political prisoners illegally held in their concentration camps."[6] In earlier legal activity, Sostre secured religious rights for Black Muslim prisoners and also eliminated (in the words of Federal Judge Constance Motley) some of the more "outrageously inhuman aspects of solitary confinement in some of the state prisons." In December 1973 Amnesty International put Sostre on its "prisoner of conscience" list, stating: "We became convinced that Martin Sostre has been the victim of an international miscarriage of justice because of his political beliefs ... not for his crimes ." [7] In addition to numerous defense committees in New York State, a Committee to Free Martin Sostre, made up of prominent citizens, joined in an effort to publicize Sostre's case and petition the New York Governor Hugh Carey for his release. On December 7, 1975, Russian Nobel Peace Laureate Andrei Sakharov added his name to the clemency appeal. Governor Carey granted Sostre clemency on Christmas Eve of 1975;[7][8] Sostre was released from prison in February 1976.[8] Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin attributes his initial interest in anarchism to Sostre. In 1974 Pacific Street Films debuted a documentary film on Sostre called Frame-up! The Imprisonment of Martin Sostre. It detailed Sostre's case with extensive interviews from prison. In later life Sostre lived in Manhattan with his wife Lizabeth Sostre, his son Mark who tragically passed in his 20s and his other son Vincent. Sostre died in 2015.[9] In November 2017, the Frank E. Merriweather Jr. Library hosted To and From 1967: A Rebellion with Martin Sostre, an event commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Black rebellion on Buffalo's eastside.[10] The event included an installation created by local eastside artist called Reviving Sostre.[11] The installation consisted of three bookshelves painted by the artists and placed in the lobby of the Merriweather Library, which was built on the same location one of Sostre's bookstore used to stand.[12] See also
References and sources
1. ^HUAC There were three, according to Police Commissioner Frank Felicetta 2. ^Frame Up, at 10:30. The first was at 1412 and a half Jefferson Ave. A second was at 289 High 3. ^The Alternative Community in Buffalo, 1965-76 B. Martin Sostre Bookseller Turned Black Revolutionary (1967). The Buffalonian, 2001. Retrieved 7 July 2011. 4. ^{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Elwin|title=B. Martin Sostre Bookseller Turned Black Revolutionary (1967)|url=http://www.buffalonian.com/history/articles/1951-now/1960santiwar/powellbuff1965sostre.html|work=The Alternative Community in Buffalo, 1965-76|publisher=The Buffalonian|accessdate=December 20, 2011}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Churchill|first1=Ward|last2=Wall|first2=Jim Vander|title=Agents of Repression: The FBI's Secret Wars Against the Black Panther Party and the American Indian Movement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uP8YRoyyNVwC&pg=PA61|year=2002|publisher=South End Press|isbn=978-0-89608-646-3|page=61}} 6. ^{{cite web|last=Gross|first=Gerald J.|title= Letter to the Editor: The Case of Martin Sostre|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1972/mar/23/the-case-of-martin-sostre/|publisher=The New York Review of Books|accessdate=September 3, 2015|date=March 23, 1972}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.freedomarchives.org/Documents/Finder/Black%20Liberation%20Disk/Black%20Power!/SugahData/Essays/Schaich.S.pdf|title=The Prison Letters of Martin Sostre: Documents of Resistance|last=Schaich|first=Warren L.|date=March 1977|publisher=Journal of Black Studies|accessdate=June 25, 2015}} 8. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2017/04/14/507297469/how-one-inmate-changed-the-prison-system-from-the-inside|title=How One Inmate Changed The Prison System From The Inside|work=NPR.org|access-date=2017-04-15|language=en}} 9. ^http://www.broadwaydemocrats.org/newsletters/September2015.pdf 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://squeaky.org/event/to-and-from-1967-a-rebellion-with-martin-sostre/|title=To and From 1967: A Rebellion with Martin Sostre|date=2017-09-09|website=Squeaky Wheel Film & Media Art Center|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-13}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://ppgbuffalo.org/news-and-events/news/article:11-10-2017-12-00am-ppg-partner-squeaky-wheel-offers-two-day-series-of-screenings-and-discussions-inspired-by-prison-justice-activist-martin-sostre/|title=PPG Partner Squeaky Wheel Offers Two Day Series Of Screenings And Discussions Inspired By Prison Justice Activist Martin Sostre > News > News > Partnership for the Public Good (PPG) - Buffalo, NY|website=ppgbuffalo.org|access-date=2019-02-13}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.justbuffalo.org/event/1967-rebellion-martin-sostre-20171118/|title=To & From 1967: A Rebellion with Martin Sostre|website=Just Buffalo Literary Center {{!}} Buffalo, NY|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-13}}
External links
9 : 1923 births|2015 deaths|Activists from Buffalo, New York|People from Harlem|African-American people|American prisoners and detainees|Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by the United States|Prisoners and detainees of New York (state)|COINTELPRO targets |
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