| 词条 | Mary Brave Bird |
| 释义 |
|name = Mary Brave Bird |image = |image_size = |caption = |birth_name = Mary Ellen Moore-Richard |birth_date = {{birth date|1954|9|26}}[1] |birth_place = Rosebud Indian Reservation, South Dakota, U.S. |death_date = {{Death date and age|2013|02|14|1954|9|26}} |death_place = Crystal Lake, Nevada County, California, U.S. |nationality = American |citizenship = Rosebud Sioux Tribe |other_names = Mary Crow Dog Ohitika Win Brave Woman Mary Brave Woman Olguin |known_for = Lakota Woman American Indian Movement |occupation = Author and Activist |spouse = Leonard Crow Dog (divorced) Rudi Olguin (separated) |partner = |children =* Robert He Crow Francisco "Rudy" Olguin Henry Crow Dog Leonard Crow Dog, Jr. Jennifer Crow Dog Summer Rose Olguin [2]}} Mary Brave Bird, also known as Mary Brave Woman Olguin, Mary Crow Dog (September 26, 1954 – February 14, 2013) was a Sicangu Lakota writer and activist who was a member of the American Indian Movement during the 1970s and participated in some of their most publicized events, including the Wounded Knee Incident when she was 18 years old. Brave Bird lived with her youngest children on the Rosebud Indian Reservation, South Dakota. Her 1990 memoir Lakota Woman won an American Book Award in 1991 and was adapted as a made-for-TV-movie in 1994. She died in 2013.[2] Early life and educationBorn Mary Ellen Moore-Richard in 1954 on the Rosebud Indian Reservation, South Dakota, she was a member of the Sicangu Oyate, also known as the Burnt Thighs Nation or Brulé Band of Lakota.[3] She was raised primarily by her grandparents while her mother studied in nursing school and was working.[4] Brave Bird was influenced by several relatives who followed traditional practices, including her granduncle Dick Fool Bull, who introduced her to the Native American Church. During the 1960s, Brave Bird attended the St. Francis Indian School, in St. Francis, South Dakota, a Roman Catholic boarding school.[4] CareerIn 1971 Brave Bird was inspired by a talk by Leonard Crow Dog and at age 18 joined the American Indian Movement (AIM).[4] She participated in such historical events as the 1972 Trail of Broken Treaties and subsequent occupation of the BIA headquarters in Washington, DC. She was also part of the 1973 Occupation of Wounded Knee.[4] Marriage and familyBrave Bird married AIM spiritual leader Leonard Crow Dog; the couple later divorced.{{When|date=May 2015}}[3] In 1991, she married Rudy Olguin, but he was killed in a car accident weeks later.[4][5] She had six children in total. She was a grandmother and remained active in the Native American Church.[12] Writing careerBrave Bird was the author of two memoirs, Lakota Woman (1990) and Ohitika Woman (1993). Richard Erdoes, a long-time friend, helped edit the books. Lakota Woman was published under the name Mary Crow Dog and won the 1991 American Book Award. It describes her life until 1977.[4] Ohitika Woman continues her life story. Her books describe the conditions of the Lakota Indian and her experience growing up on the Rosebud Indian Reservation in South Dakota, as well as conditions in the neighboring Pine Ridge Indian Reservation under the leadership of tribal chairman Richard Wilson. She also covers aspects of the role of the FBI, the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs and the treatment of the Native Americans and their children in the mid-1900s. Her work focuses on themes of gender, identity, and race.[6] Crow Dog and Brave Bird made cameo appearances in the 1991 Oliver Stone film The Doors.[7] MovieBrave Bird's memoir was adapted as the 1994 movie Siege at Wounded Knee, produced by TNT and Jane Fonda. The film starred Irene Bedard as Mary Brave Bird. The movie depicted the events that occurred during the 1973 uprising of the AIM (American Indian Movement) organization and their stand-off at Wounded Knee. Brave Bird has a cameo appearance in the film.[7] Published works
References1. ^{{cite LAF|id=n 88291871}} 2. ^1 "Mary Ellen Moore-Richard." {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305030818/http://www.kvsh.com/obituaries/61-obituaries/1946-mary-ellen-moore-richard.html |date=2013-03-05 }} KVSH 940 AM; retrieved March 15, 2015. 3. ^1 Lorentz, Melissa. "First Nations of Minnesota: Famous Lakota" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220145630/http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/mncultures/marybravebird.htm |date=2009-02-20 }}, EMuseum @ Minnesota State University, Mankato. 2008, retrieved March 15, 2015. 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 Bataille, Gretchen M. and Laurie Lisa. Native American Women: A Biographical Dictionary. Oxford: Taylor and Francis, 2001: 50-51. 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/03/14/mary-brave-bird-author-lakota-woman-walks-148164|title=Mary Brave Bird, Author of Lakota Woman, Walks On|last=leeanne|website=Indian Country Today Media Network.com|access-date=2016-04-11}} 6. ^Petrillo, Larissa. (1996). The life stories of a woman from Rosebud: Names and naming in 'Lakota Woman' and 'Ohitika Woman' (M.A. thesis) Wilfrid Laurier University. 7. ^1 2 Wise, Christopher, and R. Todd Wise. "Mary Brave Bird Speaks: A Brief Interview", The American Indian Quarterly 24.3 (2000): 482-493 Further reading
External links{{Wikiquote}}
13 : 1954 births|2013 deaths|American autobiographers|American Indian Movement|Lakota people|Native American women writers|Native American activists|People from Rosebud Indian Reservation, South Dakota|Writers from South Dakota|Women autobiographers|Disease-related deaths in California|American Book Award winners|American women non-fiction writers |
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