| 词条 | Maslama al-Majriti |
| 释义 |
| name = Maslama al-Majriti | birth_date = 950 | birth_place = Madrid, Al-Andalus, now Spain | death_date = 1007 (aged 57) | death_place = Córdoba, Caliphate of Córdoba,now Córdoba, Andalusia, Spain | occupation = Muslim Astronomer, Chemist, Mathematician, Scholar, Economist }} Maslama al-Majriti or Abu al-Qasim al-Qurtubi al-Majriti (full name: Abu ’l-Qāsim Maslama ibn Aḥmad al-Faraḍī al-Ḥāsib al-Maj̲rīṭī al-Qurṭubī al-Andalusī;[1] {{lang-ar|أبو القاسم مسلمة بن أحمد المجريطي}}, {{lang-la|Methilem}}) (c. 950 in Madrid – 1007 in Córdoba) was an Arab[2] Muslim astronomer, chemist, mathematician, economist and Scholar in Islamic Spain, active during the reign of Al-Hakam II. AchievementsAl-Majriti took part in the translation of Ptolemy's Planispherium, improved existing translations of the Almagest, introduced and improved the astronomical tables of al-Khwarizmi, aided historians by working out tables to convert Persian dates to Hijri years, and introduced the techniques of surveying and triangulation.[3] According to Şā'id ibn Ahmad Andalusī he was the best mathematician and astronomer of his time (in Al-Andalus).[4]{{rp|64}} He also introduced new surveying methods by working closely with his colleague Ibn al-Saffar. He also wrote a book on taxation and the economy of Al-Andalus.[3] He edited and made changes to the parts of the Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Sincerity when the encyclopaedia arrived in Al-Andalus[4][5] Al-Majriti also predicted a futuristic process of scientific interchange and the advent of networks for scientific communication. He built a school of Astronomy and Mathematics and marked the beginning of organized scientific research in Al-Andalus. Among his students were Ibn al-Saffar, Abu al-Salt and Al-Tartushi.[4]{{rp|64}} Pseudo-MajritiFrom his date of death, inconsistencies result in the dating of two influential works in early chemistry attributed to him,[6][3] as either they were published long after his death, or they were the work of someone else claiming some of his glory: the latter is the current general belief.[7] The two works are the "Sage's Step/The Rank of the Wise" ("Rutbat al-hakim", ?1009) and the "Aim of the Wise" ("Ghayat al-hakim"). Both were translated into Latin, in a version somewhat bowdlerised by Christian dogma, in 1252 on the orders of King Alfonso X of Castile; the original Arabic text dates probably from the middle of the eleventh century. The Rutbat includes alchemical formulae and instructions for purification of precious metals, and was also the first to note the principle of conservation of mass, which he did in the course of his pathbreaking experiment on mercuric oxide:
The Ghayat is more concerned with advanced esotericism, principally astrology and talismanic magic, although he also goes into prophecy. The author considers this the advanced level of work, occasionally referring to the Rutbat as the foundation text. Supposed daughterSeveral modern sources state that al-Majriti had a daughter, Fatima of Madrid, who was also an astronomer. However, the earliest known mention of her is a short biographical article on her in the Enciclopedia universal ilustrada europeo-americana, published in the 1920s.[9] See also
References1. ^{{Cite encyclopedia|year=1993|title=al- Mad̲j̲rīṭī|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam|publisher=Brill Publishers|url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-1/al-madjriti-SIM_4414|last=Wiedemann|first=E.|date=|origyear=1927|editor-last=Houtsma|editor-first=M. Th.|editor2-last=Arnold|editor2-first=T.W.|editor3-last=Basset|editor3-first=R.|editor4-last=Hartmann|editor4-first=R.|edition=1st|page=96}} 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Selin|first1=Helaine|title=Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures|date=2008|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781402045592|url=https://books.google.com.sa/books?id=kt9DIY1g9HYC&pg=PA1336&dq=%22arab+astronomer%22&hl=ar&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjtx5DVtvXYAhXL7xQKHUIEBjg4FBDoAQhQMAU#v=onepage&q=maslama%20%22arab%20astronomer%22&f=false|language=en}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book| title = Introduction to the History of Science | last = Sarton | first = George |authorlink = George Sarton | volume = 1(part 2) | pages = 668–9 | publisher = Carnegie Institution of Washington | date = 1927}} 4. ^H. Kahane et al. 'Picatrix and the talismans', in Romance Philology, xix, 1966, p 575; E.J. Holmyard, 'Maslama al-Majriti and the Rutba 'l-Hakim', in Isis, vi, 1924, p 294. 5. ^One recent study suggests that the authorship of this work should be attributed to Maslama b. Qasim al-Qurtubi (d. 353/964). See Maribel Fierro, 'Bāṭinism in Al-Andalus. Maslama b. Qāsim al-Qurṭubī (d. 353/964), Author of the "Rutbat al- Ḥakīm" and the "Ghāyat al-Ḥakīm (Picatrix)"', in Studia Islamica, No. 84, (1996), pp. 87-112 6. ^{{cite journal |last1=Holmyard |first1=E.J. |title=Maslama al-Majriti and the Rutbatu'l-Hakim |journal=Isis |date=1924 |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=293–305}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Andalusī|first1=Ṣāʻid ibn Aḥmad|last2=Salem|first2=Semaʻan I.|last3=Kumar|first3=Alok|title=Science in the medieval world: book of the Categories of nations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j9K4AAAAIAAJ|accessdate=25 May 2013|date=1991|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=9780292711396|page=100}} 8. ^(Holmyard, 1924), p. 302. 9. ^{{cite book |last1=Marín |first1=Manuela |year=2011 |chapter=Arabismo en Madrid |editor1-last=Gil Flores |editor1-first=Daniel |title=De Maŷrit a Madrid. Madrid y los árabes, del siglo IX al siglo XXI |location=Madrid/Barcelona |publisher=Casa Árabe/Lunwerg |page=191 |ISBN=9788497857079}} External links
15 : 1007 deaths|Astronomers of medieval Islam|Mathematicians of medieval Islam|Medieval Moorish astronomers|Medieval Moorish mathematicians|Medieval Arab astronomers|Medieval Arab mathematicians|10th-century Muslim scholars of Islam|People from Madrid|Alchemists of medieval Islam|10th-century Al-Andalus people|Moorish scholars|Mathematicians who worked on Islamic inheritance|Year of birth unknown|950 births |
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