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词条 Masovian dialect
释义

  1. Subdialects

  2. References

  3. Bibliography

{{Infobox language
|name=Masovian dialects
|nativename=dialekty mazowieckie
|pronunciation={{IPAc-pl|m|a|z|o|'|w|J|e|c|k|J|e}}
|states= Poland
|region=Mazovian Voivodeship, Podlaskie Voivodeship
|speakers=?
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam2=Balto-Slavic
|fam3=Slavic
|fam4=West Slavic
|fam5=Lechitic
|fam6=Polish
|script=Latin (Polish alphabet)
|isoexception=dialect
|glotto=none
|lingua=53-AAA-cc
(varieties: 53-AAA-cca to 53-AAA-ccu)
}}

The Masovian dialect, also written Mazovian, is the dialect of Polish spoken in Mazovia and historically related regions, in northeastern Poland.[1] It is the most distinct of the Polish dialects and the most expansive.[1]

Masovian emerged in the process of mixing the Polish and the Mazovian language existing as a separate language well until 20th century, according to various scholars.[2][3][4][5][6][7]

Mazovian dialects may exhibit such features as mazurzenie, liaison (intervocallic voicing of obstruents on word boundaries), and asynchronous palatal pronunciation of labial consonants (so-called softening). The Kurpie region has some of the most distinctive phonetic features due to isolation. Characteristics include:

  • Depalatalization of velars before {{IPA|/ɛ/}} and palatalization of velars before {{IPA|/ɛ̃/}}; e.g. standard Polish rękę, nogę ('arm', 'leg', in the accusative case) is rendered {{IPA|[ˈreŋkʲe]}}, {{IPA|[ˈnoɡʲe]}} respectively instead of {{IPA|[ˈrɛŋke]}}, {{IPA|[ˈnɔɡe]}};
  • {{IPA|/li/}} sequences realized {{IPA|[lɪ]}} instead of {{IPA|[lʲi]}};
  • merger of the retroflex series sz, ż, cz, dź into the alveolar s, z, c, dz;
  • {{IPA|/ɨ/}} > {{IPA|/i/}} before certain consonants;
  • the Old Polish dual number marker -wa continues to be attached to verbs;
  • the open-mid vowels {{IPA|/ɛ, ɔ/}} are realized as close-mid {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|e}}, {{IPAplink|o}}]}};
  • Standard Polish {{IPA|/ɔ̃/}} and {{IPA|/ɛ̃/}} merged with {{IPA|/u/}} and {{IPA|/a/}} respectively, in most situations;
  • certain instances of a > e;
  • {{IPA|[mʲ]}} > {{IPA|[ɲ]}}

Masovian dialects also contain certain vocabulary that is distinct from the standard Polish language and shares common characteristics with the Kashubian language.[8]

Subdialects

Mazovian dialects include but are not limited to subdialects[9] of:

  • Białystok dialect ({{lang-pl|gwara białostocka}})
  • Suwałki dialect ({{lang-pl|gwara suwalska}})
  • Warmia dialect ({{lang-pl|gwara warmińska}})
  • Kurpie dialect ({{lang-pl|gwara kurpiowska}})
  • Masurian dialect ({{lang-pl|gwara mazurska}})
  • Malbork-Lubawa dialect ({{lang-pl|gwara malborsko-lubawska}})
  • Ostróda dialect ({{lang-pl|gwara ostródzka}})
  • Near Mazovian dialect ({{lang-pl|gwara mazowsza bliższego}})
  • Far Mazovian dialect ({{lang-pl|gwara mazowsza dalszego}})
  • Warsaw dialect ({{lang-pl|gwara warszawska}})

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gwarypolskie.uw.edu.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=section&id=6|title=Gwary polskie - Dialekt mazowiecki|publisher=gwarypolskie.uw.edu.pl|accessdate=2014-10-17}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/historyauniwers00moragoog/historyauniwers00moragoog_djvu.txt|title=Full text of "Historya Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego: Srednie wieki i odrodzenie. Z wstepem o Uniwersytecie ..."|publisher=archive.org|accessdate=2014-10-17}}
3. ^http://www.polona.pl/Content/863/ocr.txt
4. ^{{cite book|title=Dzieje Mazowsża za panowania książat|author=Kozłowski, F.A.|date=1858|publisher=Nakl i druk S. Orgelbranda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hBIEAAAAYAAJ|page=504|accessdate=2014-10-17}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/kopernikijana00polkgoog/kopernikijana00polkgoog_djvu.txt|title=Full text of "Kopernikijana czyli materyaly do pism i zycia Mikolaja Kopernika .."|publisher=archive.org|accessdate=2014-10-17}}
6. ^{{cite book|title=Piśmiennictwo polskie, od czasów najdawniejszych aż do roku 1830: z rękopisów i druków zebrawszy, w obrazie literatury polskiej historycznie skreślonym|author=Maciejowski, W.A.|date=1852|volume=2|publisher=Nakładem i drukiem S. Orgelbranda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0cQaAAAAYAAJ|page=327|accessdate=2014-10-17}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/mitteilungen01masogoog|title=Mitteilungen : Literarische Gesellschaft Masovia : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive|publisher=archive.org|accessdate=2014-10-17}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548460/Slavic-languages/74892/West-Slavic?anchor=ref604071|title=Slavic languages -- Encyclopædia Britannica|publisher=britannica.com|accessdate=2014-10-17}}
9. ^Halina Karas, Gwary Polskie, Dialects and gwary in Poland

Bibliography

  • Barbara Bartnicka (red.): Polszczyzna Mazowsza i Podlasia. Łomża-Warszawa 1993.
  • Anna Basara: Studia nad wokalizmem w gwarach Mazowsza. Wrocław-Warszawa-Kraków 1965.
  • Anna Cegieła: Polski Słownik terminologii i gwary teatralnej. Wrocław 1992.
  • Jadwiga Chludzińska-Świątecka: Ze studiów nad słowotwórstwem gwar mazowieckich. Poradnik Językowy, z. 6, 1961, s. 253-258.
  • Karol Dejna: Dialekty polskie. Ossolineum 1993.
  • Barbara Falińska (red.): Gwary Mazowsza, Podlasia i Suwalszczyzny.ɴ I. Filipów, pow. Suwałki, Białystok, 2004.
  • Województwo płockie. Uniwersytet Łódzki, Łódź-Płock 1984.

1 : Polish dialects

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