| 词条 | Massoud Rajavi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Massoud Rajavi | image =Masoud Rajavi 1970's.jpg | imagesize = 220px | caption = Rajavi in 1981 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1948|8|18|df=no}} | death_date = | birth_place = Tabas, Iran | blank1 = Disappeared | data1 = {{circa}} {{Death year and age|2003|1948|03}}[1] Iraq | office = Leader of People's Mujahedin of Iran | term_start = January 1979 | term_end = | leader = | predecessor = | alongside = Maryam Rajavi (Since 1985) | spouse ={{plainlist|
}} | party = People's Mujahedin of Iran | signature = Rajavi, Massoud - Signature 30.05.1986.jpg }}Massoud Rajavi ({{lang-fa|مسعود رجوی}}, born August 18, 1948 – disappeared March 13, 2003)[2] is one of the two leaders of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK), alongside his wife Maryam Rajavi.[2] After leaving Iran in 1981, he resided in France and Iraq. He disappeared in the 2003 invasion of Iraq and it is not known whether he is still alive.[3] BiographyRajavi joined the MEK when he was 20 and a law student at the University of Tehran. He graduated with a degree in political law. Rajavi and the MEK actively opposed the Shah of Iran and participated in the 1979 Iranian Revolution.[4] During the Pahlavi dynasty, Rajavi was arrested by SAVAK and sentenced to death. Due to efforts by his brother, Kazem Rajavi, and various Swiss lawyers and professors, his sentence was reduced to life imprisonment. He was released from prison during the Iranian Revolution in 1979.[5] Upon his release, Rajavi assumed leadership of the People's Mujahedin of Iran.[6] When Iran’s first presidential election took place in 1980, Rajavi nominated himself and his own People's Mujahedin of Iran. He was endorsed by the People's Fedai, the National Democratic Front, the Democratic Party of Kurdistan, Komala and the League of Iranian Socialists. He was disqualified in the elections by Ayatollah Khomeini on the grounds that 'those who did not endorse the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran could not be trusted to abide by that constitution'.[7] In 1981, when Ayatollah Khomeini dismissed President Bani Sadr and a new wave of arrests and executions started in the country, Rajavi and Bani Sadr fled to Paris from Tehran's airbase. In 1986 Rajavi moved to Iraq and set up a base on the Iranian border.[8][9] Rajavi was welcomed in Baghdad by Iraqi President Saddam Hussein.[10] Electoral history
Iraqi 2010 arrest warrantIn 2010, an Iraqi court ordered the arrest of 39 MEK members, including Massoud Rajavi. The court accused the group of helping Saddam Hussein counter a revolt by Shi’ites and ethnic Kurds. The MEK have denied the charges, saying that they constitute a “politically motivated decision and it’s the last gift presented from the government of Nuri al-Maliki to the Iranian government”.[12] DisappearanceFollowing the American invasion of Iraq, Massoud Rajavi disappeared.[10][13] In his absence, Maryam Rajavi has assumed his responsibilities as leader of the MEK.[8] In 2011 NCRI posted an article which described Rajavi as being "in hiding"[14] but that has not been independently verified. On July 6, 2016, at a large gathering of MEK members in Paris, the former head of Saudi Arabia's intelligence agency, Turki bin Faisal Al Saud, referred to Rajavi as the "late Massoud Rajavi" twice in a speech.[15] Personal lifeRajavi married fellow MEK member Ashraf Rabiei in summer 1980. Rabiei was widow of another MEK member killed in 1976, Ali-Akbar Nabavi-Nuri, whom she married in 1975.[16] His second wife was Abolhassan Banisadr's daughter Firouzeh. Their marriage of state took place in October 1982 and the couple divorced in 1984.[17] Rajavi married Maryam Qajar Azodanlu (later known as Maryam Rajavi) in 1985, who was already married to one of his close associates Mehdi Abrishamchi and divorced her husband in order to marry Rajavi.[18] References1. ^{{cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of Terrorism|p=454|series=Historical Dictionaries of War, Revolution, and Civil Unrest|edition=3|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2009|author1=Stephen Sloan|author2=Sean K. Anderson|isbn=0810863111}} 2. ^{{cite book|title=Iran's Revolutionary Guard: The Threat That Grows While America Sleeps|p=208|publisher=Potomac Books, Inc|year=2012|author1=Steven O'Hern|isbn=1597977012}} 3. ^{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Terrorism|p=509|publisher=ABC-CLIO|entry=Mujahedin-e-Khalq (MEK)|year=2012|author1=Peter Chalk|isbn=9780313308956}} 4. ^{{cite web|last=Hersh|first=Seymour M.|title=Our Men In Iran?|url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2012/04/mek.html|publisher=The New Yorker|accessdate=19 December 2013}} 5. ^See Abrahamian, supranote 291 6. ^SeeAbrahamian, supranote 363 at 146¬147, 183. 7. ^{{citation|author=Ervand Abrahamian|title=Radical Islam: the Iranian Mojahedin|publisher=I.B.Tauris|date=1989|isbn=9781850430773|volume=3|series=Society and culture in the modern Middle East|at=p. 198}} 8. ^1 Council on Foreign Relations, "Backgrounder: Mujahadeen-e-Khalq (Iranian Rebels)." {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927092405/http://www.cfr.org/publication/9158/ |date=27 September 2006 }} 9. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/23/world/africa/23iht-profile.html?_r=1 | work=The New York Times | first=Craig S. | last=Smith | title=An implacable opponent to the mullahs of Iran | date=24 September 2005}} 10. ^1 2 http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2010/08/26/117689.html 11. ^1 2 {{citation|author=Ervand Abrahamian|title=Radical Islam: the Iranian Mojahedin|publisher=I.B.Tauris|date=1989|isbn=9781850430773|volume=3|series=Society and culture in the modern Middle East|at=p. 195, Table 6; pp. 203–205, Table 8}} 12. ^{{cite web|author= Ahmed Rasheed|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-court-iran-idUSIBO23430320070312|title=Iraq tribunal sets sights on Iran opposition group|date=12 March 2007|access-date=11 July 2017|publisher=Reuters}} 13. ^http://www.iranian.com/main/blog/jahanshah-javid/where-masoud-rajavi 14. ^Matt Cresswell, Camp Ashraf protest moves to Paris, 24 June 2011, source unclear; article posted on NCRI website, 2 July 2011 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ay_QZpmJBJA|title=The death of Masoud Rajavi. خبر درگذشت مسعود رجوی توسط ترکی بن فیصل |first=|last=farshid007|date=9 July 2016|publisher=|via=YouTube}} 16. ^{{citation|author=Ervand Abrahamian|title=Radical Islam: the Iranian Mojahedin|publisher=I.B.Tauris|date=1989|isbn=9781850430773|volume=3|series=Society and culture in the modern Middle East|at=p. 181}} 17. ^{{citation|author=Ervand Abrahamian|title=Radical Islam: the Iranian Mojahedin|publisher=I.B.Tauris|date=1989|isbn=9781850430773|volume=3|series=Society and culture in the modern Middle East|at=p. 247}} 18. ^{{cite journal|journal=The New Yorker|volume=82|issue=1-11|pp=54–55|publisher=F-R Publishing Corporation|year=2006|title=Exiles: How Iran's expatriates are gaming the nuclear threat|author=Connie Bruck}} External links{{commonscatinline}}{{Portal|Iran|Biography}}{{s-start}}{{s-ppo}}{{s-break}}{{s-vac|last=Central Cadre}}{{s-ttl|title=Leader of People's Mujahedin of Iran|years=January 1979 — Present (?)|alongside=Maryam Rajavi (Since 1985)}}{{s-inc}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajavi, Massoud}} 12 : Iranian activists|Missing people|Possibly living people|1948 births|People's Mujahedin of Iran members|People's Mujahedin of Iran politicians|People of the 1991 uprisings in Iraq|People of the Iranian Revolution|Iranian revolutionaries|Exiles of the Iranian Revolution in France|Iranian emigrants to France|Iranian emigrants to Iraq |
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