词条 | Master of the Housebook |
释义 |
WorkHis ninety-one prints are extremely rare, with sixty surviving in one impression (copy) only, and none in more than five - there are a total of 124 impressions, 80 in Amsterdam.[3] It is thought that because his prints were made using only the shallow, scratched line of drypoint, probably on tin or a pewter-type alloy, only ten to twenty impressions of each could be taken before the plate wore out.[4] Many engravings by other artists are believed to be copies of missing works by this master. In particular, Israhel van Meckenem seems to have copied more than thirty. His work is very well drawn and lively, with the interest in detail typical of Early Netherlandish painting.[5] Arthur Mayger Hind notes of his style that "he is an artist with a freedom of draughtsmanship quite remarkable at this epoch. If his manner of engraving has something of the irregularity of an amateur, his power of expression is vigorous and masterly."[6] A high proportion depicts secular subjects, more than is typical with artists of the period. Along with his contemporary Martin Schongauer, the Housebook Master was the leading artist making old master prints in Germany in his period. Both Schongauer and the Housebook Master had a considerable influence on the prints of Albrecht Dürer.[7] The Master suggests Netherlandish influence in the modelling of light and shade and in some of his figural types. A small number of paintings are also thought to be his work, notably the Pair of Lovers in Gotha, the Speyer Altarpiece (divided among Gemäldegalerie, Berlin, the Städel, Frankfurt, and Augustiner Museum Freiburg, and the Holy Family (Nuremberg, Germanisches Nationalmuseum, since 2004). However, many scholars feel the Gotha Lovers and the Speyer Altarpiece cannot be by the same artist, and favour attributing only the Lovers to the Housebook Master. Others disagree, and attribute the engravings and the altarpiece to the same master.[8] Erhard Reuwich?It was first suggested in 1937 that he should be identified as Erhard Reuwich of Utrecht, an artist and (or) printer working in Mainz, who designed and signed an influential {{convert|5|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} woodcut panoramic view of Venice made following a visit in 1483 or 1484 during a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Reuwich printed the account in Latin of the trip, the Sanctae Peregrinationes by Bernhard von Breydenbach of 1486, in which the woodcut was the first ever fold-out plate. The design was later adapted by Michael Wolgemut for the Nuremberg Chronicle. Reuwich was taken as an artist in the entourage of Breydenbach, a wealthy canon of Mainz Cathedral. The book also contained panoramas of six other cities, including Jerusalem[https://web.archive.org/web/20061123223839/http://www.usm.maine.edu/~maps/exhibit1/21large.jpg], studies of Near Eastern costume, and an exotic alphabet - the first in print. It was a bestseller, reprinted thirteen times over the next three decades, including editions printed in France and Spain, for which the illustration blocks were shipped out to the local printers. In 1485 Reuwich drew some plants for the woodcuts in a herbal also published in Mainz. His identification with the Housebook Master has not been generally accepted, though A. Hyatt Mayor supported it; other suggestions have also been made.[9] The trend of scholarly opinion has moved against the identification in more recent works.[10] The design of the woodcuts for a 1473 edition of the Speculum Humanae Salvationis has been attributed to the Housebook Master.[11] Notes1. ^Wikinews story. Full story in German 2. ^Timothy Husband,"The Master of the Amsterdam Cabinet"Burlington Magazine, Vol. 127, No. 987 (Jun., 1985), pp. 348+401-405 3. ^Filedt Kok, 91 4. ^Parshall, 5 and 23 5. ^NGA 6. ^{{cite book |last= Hind|first= Arthur M.|date= 2011-10-30|title= A History of Engraving & Etching From the 15th Century to the Year 1914|url= https://books.google.com/?id=bxFb8nN_wUQC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false|location= |publisher= Dover Publications|page= 31|isbn= 9780486209548|accessdate=3 July 2014 }} 7. ^Parshall, 311 8. ^Bodo Brinkmann and Stephan Kemperdick, "Deutsche Gemälde im Städel 1300-1500". Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 2002. {{ISBN|3-8053-2920-2}} 9. ^A Hyatt Mayor, Prints and People, Metropolitan Museum of Art/Princeton, 1971, nos 43.{{ISBN|0-691-00326-2}} 10. ^Jane Campbell Hutchison in J. P. Filedt Kok (ed.), Livelier than Life, The Master of the Amsterdam Cabinet, or the Housebook Master 1470-1500, Rijksmuseum/Garry Schwartz/Princeton University Press, 1985, {{ISBN|90-6179-060-3}} / 0-691-04035-4 11. ^Wilson, Adrian, and Joyce Lancaster Wilson. A Medieval Mirror. p 208, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. online text References
Further reading
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7 : German artists|Gothic artists|German engravers|15th-century artists|Anonymous artists|German printmakers|15th-century engravers |
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