| 词条 | Matenadaran |
| 释义 |
| name = Matenadaran | logo = | logo_caption = | image = File:Matenadaran, Ereván, Armenia, 2016-10-03, DD 22.jpg | imagesize = 300 | caption = The main/old building of the Matenadaran with the statues of Mesrop Mashtots and his disciple Koryun in the foreground | coordinates = {{coord|40.19207|44.52113|display=inline}} | former_name = | established = {{Start date and age|March 3, 1959|df=yes}}[1] | location = 53 Mashtots Avenue, Kentron District, Yerevan, Armenia | type = Art museum, archive, research institute | collections = | collection_size = ~23,000 manuscripts and scrolls (including fragments)[2] | visitors = 112,000 (2018)[1] | founder = | executive_director = | leader_type = | leader = | director = Vahan Ter-Ghevondyan | president = | chairperson = | curator = | architect = Mark Grigorian, Arthur Meschian | historian = | owner = Government of Armenia, Ministry of Education and Science[2] | network = | website = {{URL|http://www.matenadaran.am/}} | embedded = }} The Matenadaran ({{lang-hy|Մատենադարան}}), officially the Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts{{efn|Մեսրոպ Մաշտոցի անվան հին ձեռագրերի ինստիտուտ, Mesrop Mashtotsi anvan hin dzeragreri institut}} is a museum, repository of manuscripts, and a research institute in Yerevan, Armenia. It is the world's largest repository of Armenian manuscripts. It was established in 1959 on the basis of the nationalized collection of the Armenian Church, formerly held at Etchmiadzin. Its collection has gradually risen since its establishment, mostly from individual donations. One of the most prominent landmarks of Yerevan, it is named after Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet, whose statue stands in front of the building. NameThe word մատենադարան, matenadaran is a compound composed of the words մատեան (matean, "book" or "parchment") and դարան (daran, "repository"). According to Hrachia Adjarian both words are of Middle Persian (Pahlavi) origin.[3] Though it is sometimes translated as "scriptorium" in English,[4] a more accurate translation is "library of manuscripts."[5] Though not technically a library, the Matenadaran is often referred to as such.[6][7][8] In medieval Armenia, the term matenadaran was used in the sense of a library as all books were manuscripts.[11][9][10]{{efn|In modern Eastern Armenian, the term gradaran has replaced it for "library", while in Western Armenian the word matenadaran continues to be used for "library".[11]}} Currently, there are several manuscript repositories around the world known as matenadaran such as the one at the Mekhitarist monastery in San Lazzaro, Venice[11] and the Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Manuscript Depository at the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin.[12] To distinguish it from others, it is often referred to as the Matenadaran of Yerevan,{{sfn|Coulie|p=34}}[13][14] the Yerevan Matenadaran[15][20] or Mashtots Matenadaran.[16][17] HistoryHistoric predecessorsThe earliest mention of a manuscript repository in Armenia was recorded in the writings of the fifth century historian Ghazar Parpetsi, who noted the existence of such a repository at the Etchmiadzin catholicosate in Vagharshapat, where Greek and Armenian language texts were kept. Sources remain silent on the fate of the Etchmiadzin matenadaran until the 15th century, when the catholicosate returned from Sis in Cilicia.[1] Manuscript repositories existed at major monasteries in medieval Armenia, such as at Haghpat (Haghpat matenadaran), Sanahin, Saghmosavank, Tatev, Geghard, Kecharis, Hromkla, and Bardzraberd.[11] In some cases, monastic complexes have separate structures as manuscript repositories. Sometimes manuscripts would be transferred to caves to avoid destruction by foreign invaders.[11] Thousands of manuscripts in Armenia were destroyed over the course of the tenth to fifteenth centuries during the Turkic and Mongol invasions. According to the medieval Armenian historian Stepanos Orbelian, the Seljuk Turks were responsible for the burning of over 10,000 Armenian manuscripts in Baghaberd in 1170.[1] Modern MatenadaranAs a result of Armenia being a constant battleground between two major powers, the Matenadaran in Etchmiadzin was pillaged several times, the last of which took place in 1804, during the Russo-Persian War. Eastern Armenia's annexation by the Russian Empire in the early 19th century provided a more stable climate for the preservation of the remaining manuscripts.[1] Whereas in 1828 the curators of the Matenadaran catalogued a collection of only 1,809 manuscripts, in 1863 the collection had increased to 2,340 manuscripts, and in 1892 to 3,338 manuscripts.[29] Prior to World War I, in 1914, the collected had reached 4,660 manuscripts.[1][29] The collection was sent to Moscow for safekeeping since Etchmiadzin was close to the war zone.[29] Thousands of Armenian manuscripts were destroyed during the genocide in the Ottoman Empire.[1] On December 17, 1920, just two weeks after the demise of the First Republic of Armenia and Sovietization of Armenia, the new Bolshevik government of Armenia issued a decree nationalizing all cultural and educational institutions in Armenia.[29] The issue, signed by Minister of Education Ashot Hovhannisyan, declared the manuscript repository of Etchmiadzin the "property of the working peoples of Armenia."[35] It was put under the supervision of Levon Lisitsian, an art historian and the newly appointed commissar of all cultural and educational institutions of Etchmiadzin.[35][19] In March 1922 the manuscripts from Etchmiadzin that had been sent to Moscow during World War I were ordered to be returned to Armenia by Alexander Miasnikian.[1] 1,730 manuscripts were added to the original 4,660 manuscripts held at Etchmiadzin once they returned to Armenia.[29] In 1939 the entire collection of manuscripts of Etchmiadzin were transferred to the State Public Library in Yerevan (what later became the National Library of Armenia) by the decision of the Soviet Armenian government.[35][2] In the same year there were 9,382 cataloged manuscripts at the Matenadaran.[42] On March 3, 1959, the Council of Ministers of Soviet Armenian officially established the Matenadaran as an "institute of scientific research with special departments of scientific preservation, study, translation and publication of manuscripts" in a new building.[29] It was named after Mesrop Mashtots, the creator of the Armenian alphabet, in 1962.[2] Architecture{{quote box| width = 25% | align = right | quote = "The Matenadaran [...] was designed as a modern temple to Armenian civilization." | source = —Rouben Paul Adalian[45]}} Old buildingThe Matenadaran is located at the foot of a small hill on the northern edge of Mashtots Avenue, the widest road in central Yerevan. The building has been variously described by observers as monumental,[20] imposing,[45] and stern.[21] Herbert Lottman called it "solemn and solid-looking." Soviet travel writer Nikolai Mikhailov noted that "In its dimensions and architecture it is a palace."[22] The building is listed as a national monument by the government of Armenia.[23] It was built in gray basalt[29][53] from 1945 to 1958, however, construction was put on hold from 1947 to 1953 due to unavailability of skilled laborers and carpenters.{{sfn|Grigorian|1960|p=12}} Designed by Yerevan's chief architect Mark Grigorian, it is influenced by medieval Armenian architecture.[29] According to Murad Hasratyan, the façade of the Matenadaran is influenced by the 11th century Holy Apostles (Arakelots) church of Ani, the grand capital of Bagratid Armenia.{{efn|Մատենադարանի կառույցը սկսել է նախագծվել 1944թ-ին, եւ գլխավոր ճարտարապետի նկարագրմամբ, Անիի Սբ Առաքելոց եկեղեցու (1038թ.) ժամատան ճակատն օգտագործվել է որպես Մատենադարանի հիմնական ճակատ:[42]}}[24][25] However, Grigorian noted that the design—namely an entrance in the middle with two decorative niches on the two sides—has ancient roots, appearing at the ancient Egyptian Temple of Edfu, and then later at the Holy Apostles church and the Baronial Palace of Ani.{{sfn|Grigorian|1960|p=19}} Grigorian designed the entrance hall in line with the gavit (narthex) of the Sanahin Monastery.{{sfn|Grigorian|1960|p=15}} The building was renovated in 2012.[26] A 1960 mural by Van Khachatur (Vanik Khachatrian) depicting the Battle of Avarayr is located in the entrance hall.[59] Another three murals created by Khachatur in 1959 that depict three periods of Armenian history: Urartu, Hellenism, and the Middle Ages—surround the steps leading to the main exhibition hall.{{sfn|Grigorian|1960|p=18}}[59] A large ivory medallion with a diameter of 2 meters depicting the portrait of Vladimir Lenin by Sergey Merkurov was originally erected in the lecture hall of the Matenadaran.{{sfn|Grigorian|1960|p=15}} The building has a total floor area of {{convert|28,000|m2}}.{{sfn|Grigorian|1960|p=19}} In the 1970s American archivist Patricia Kennedy Grimsted noted that Matenadaran is one of the few places in Soviet Armenia with air conditioning.[27] From 1963 to 1967, the statues of historical Armenian scholars, Toros Roslin, Grigor Tatevatsi, Anania Shirakatsi, Movses Khorenatsi, Mkhitar Gosh and Frik, were erected on the left and right wings of the building's exterior. They each represent one field: manuscript illumination, philosophy, cosmology, history, jurisprudence, and poetry, respectively.[28] The statues of Mesrop Mashtots and his disciple Koryun (1962) are located below the terrace where the main building stands.[59] Since the 1970s an open-air exhibition is located near the entrance of the building. On display there are khachkars from the 13th-17th centuries, a tombstone from the Noratus cemetery, a vishap dated 2nd-1st millennia BC, a door from Teishebaini (Karmir Blur), a Urartian archaeological site.[59] New buildingThe new building of the Matenadaran was designed by Arthur Meschian, an architect better known as a musician, to better house the increasing number of manuscripts.[65] A five-story building, it is three times larger than the old one.[66] It is equipped with a high-tech laboratory, where manuscripts are preserved, restored and digitized.[65] Meschian noted that he designed the new building in a way to not compete with the old one, but instead be a continuation of it.[66] It was initially planned to be constructed in the late 1980s, but was not realized because of the 1988 Armenian earthquake, the Karabakh War and the economic crisis that ensued.[66] Financed by Moscow-based Armenian businessman Sergei Hambartsumian (US$10 million) and Maxim Hakobian, director of the Zangezur Copper and Molybdenum Combine (US$4 million), it was built from May 2009 to September 2011.[29][65] It was inaugurated on September 20, 2011 on the eve of celebrations of the 20th anniversary of Armenia's independence in attendance of President Serzh Sargsyan, Catholicoi Karekin II of Etchmiadzin and Aram I of Cilicia, Artsakh President Bako Sahakyan, and others.[30][31] CollectionCurrently, the Matenadaran contains a total of some 23,000 manuscripts and scrolls—including fragments.[2] It is, by far, the single largest collection of Armenian manuscripts in the world.{{sfn|Coulie|p=26}}[32] Furthermore, over 500,000 documents such as imperial and decrees of catholicoi, various documents related to Armenian studies, and archival periodicals.[35][42] The manuscripts cover a wide array of subjects: religious and theological works (Gospels, Bibles, lectionaries, psalters, hymnals, homilies, and liturgical books), texts on history, mathematics, geography, astronomy, cosmology, philosophy, jurisprudence, medicine, alchemy, astrology, music, grammar, rhetoric, philology, pedagogy, collections of poetry, literary texts, and translations from Greek and Syriac.[29][2] The writings of classical and medieval historians Movses Khorenatsi, Yeghishe and Koryun are preserved here, as are the legal, philosophical and theological writings of other notable Armenian figures. The preserved writings of Grigor Narekatsi and Nerses Shnorhali at the Matenadaran form the cornerstone of medieval Armenian literature. The manuscripts previously held at Etchmiadzin constitute the core of the Matenadaran collection. The rest came from the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages in Moscow, the Nersisian Seminary and the Armenian Ethnographic Soviety, both in Tbilisi, and the Yerevan Museum of Literature.[29] When it was established as a distinct institution in 1959, the Matenadaran had around 10,000 Armenian manuscripts and 4,000 fragments (partial volumes or isolated pages) dating as early as the 5th century.[29][33] At the time there were some one thousand manuscripts in other languages, such as Persian, Syriac, Arabic, Greek, Georgian, Russian, Hebrew, Hindi, Tamil, Latin, Ethiopian (Amharic), and other languages.[29] Some originals, written in other languages, have been saved only in their Armenian translations.[2] There has been steady growth in the number of manuscripts preserved at the Matenadaran, mostly from gifts from private individuals from the Armenian diaspora.[29] In 1972 there were already 12,960 Armenian manuscripts and nearly two thousand manuscripts in other languages.[86] Among the major donors of the Matenadaran include Harutiun Hazarian from New York (397 manuscripts), Varouzhan Salatian from Damascus (150 manuscripts), Rafael Markossian from Paris (37 manuscripts). Rouben Galichian from London has donated old maps. In 1969 Tachat Markossian, 95, from the village of Gharghan, near Isfahan, in central Iran, donated a 1069 manuscript to the Matenadaran. Written at Narekavank monastery, it is a copy of a Gospel written by Mashtots.[2] Significant manuscriptsAmong the most significant manuscripts of the Matenadaran are the Lazarian Gospel (9th century), the Echmiadzin Gospel (10th century) and the Mughni Gospel (11th century).[86] The first, so called because it was brought from the Lazarian Institute, is from 887 and is one of the Matenadaran's oldest complete volumes. The Echmiadzin Gospel, dated 989, has a 6th-century, probably Byzantine, carved ivory cover.[29][86] The Cilician illuminated manuscripts by Toros Roslin (13th century) and Sargis Pitsak (14th century), two prominent masters, are also held with high esteem.[29] Three manuscripts are allowed to leave the Matenadaran on a regular basis. The first is the Vehamor Gospel, donated to the Matenadaran by Catholicos Vazgen I in 1975. It probably dates to the 7th century and is, thus, the oldest complete extant Armenian manuscript. The name refers to the mother of the Catholicos (vehamayr), to whose memory Vazgen I dedicated the manuscript. Since Levon Ter-Petrosyan in 1991, all president of Armenia have given their oath on this book.[34][93] The other two, the Shurishkani Gospel (1498, Vaspurakan)[35] and the Shukhonts' Gospel (1669)[36] are annually taken to the churches of Mughni and Oshakan and venerated by those gathered there.[93] Other itemsBesides manuscripts, the Matenadaran holds a copy of the Urbatagirk, the first published Armenian book (1512, Venice) and all issues of the first Armenian magazine Azdarar ("Herald"), published in Madras, India from 1794 to 1796.[29] The first map printed in Armenian—in Amsterdam in 1695—is also kept at the Matenadaran.[37] PublicationsThe Matenadaran published scholarly journal, Banber Matenadarani (Բանբեր Մատենադարանի, "Herald of the Matenadaran"), since 1941.[38] The articles are usually devoted to the manuscripts and editions of texts contained in the collection. The journal has been praised for its high quality of scholarship.[29] Significance and recognitionAccording to Nora Dudwick, in the Soviet period, the Matenadaran "symbolized the central values of Armenian culture [and signified] to Armenians the high level of culture and learning their ancestors achieved as early as the fifth century."[39] Ethnographist Levon Abrahamian noted that the Matenadaran, being a scientific museum, continued, instead of opposing the traditions of the monastery museums in a state atheistic environment.[40] Thomas de Waal notes that alongside several other institutions (e.g. the Opera, National Gallery) the Matenadaran was central in the Soviet efforts to make Yerevan a "repository of Armenian myths and hopes."[41] The Communist Party's official newspaper, Pravda, wrote in 1989 that no educated Soviet citizen can "imagine spiritual life without the capital's Tretyakov Gallery, the Leningrad Hermitage, and the Yerevan Matenadaran."[42] Karen Demirchyan, the Soviet Armenian leader, wrote in a 1984 book that "For the first time there was no need to save Armenian books and manuscripts from destruction by endless wanderings, for they are preserved in the temple of priceless creations of the people's mind and talent, the Yerevan Matenadaran."[43] American diplomat John Brady Kiesling described the Matenadaran as a "world-class museum [...] primarily for its status as the eternal (one hopes) repository for Armenia's medieval written culture."[53] The Matenadaran collection was inscribed by the UNESCO into the Memory of the World Register in 1997 recognizing it a valuable collection of international significance.[44] The Matenadaran has become one of the landmarks and major touristic attractions of Yerevan since its establishment.[45] In 2016 it received some 89,000 visitors.[109] Tourists come from Russia, Germany, Italy, Spain, France, Poland, and elsewhere.[45] Many foreign dignitaries have visited the Matenadaran, such as Indira Gandhi,[1] Leonid Brezhnev,[1] Charles, Prince of Wales,[46] Vladimir Putin,[47] Sirindhorn,[48] Boris Tadić,[49] Sergio Mattarella,[50] José Manuel Barroso,[51] Bronisław Komorowski,[52] Heinz Fischer,[53] Valdis Zatlers,[54] Rumen Radev,[55] and others. PeopleDirectors
Notable researchers
References
1. ^1 2 {{cite news |title=From Indira Gandhi to Belgian royals, Yerevan’s treasure Matenadaran boasts A-List visitors |url=https://en.168.am/2019/02/05/31086.html |work=168.am |date=5 February 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205135553/https://en.168.am/2019/02/05/31086.html |archivedate=5 February 2019}} [68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81]2. ^{{cite web |title=Հայաստանի Հանրապետության Կառավարության առընթեր Մեսրոպ Մաշտոցի անվան հին ձեռագրերի գիտահետազոտական ինստիտուտի (Մատենադարան) վերակազմավորման մասին|url=http://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?docid=9243 |website=arlis.am |publisher=Armenian Legal Information System |language=hy |date=6 March 2002 |quote=Հայաստանի Հանրապետության կրթության և գիտության նախարարության ենթակայության «Մատենադարան» Մեսրոպ Մաշտոցի անվան հին ձեռագրերի գիտահետազոտական ինստիտուտ»}} 3. ^{{cite book |last1=Adjarian |first1=Hrachia |authorlink1=Hrachia Adjarian |title=Հայերեն արմատական բառարան [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] |date=1971 |publisher=Yerevan University Publishing |location=Yerevan |edition=2nd |language=hy}} Volume I, p. 633, Volume III, p. 269 4. ^{{cite journal |last1=Kapoutikian |first1=Silva |authorlink1=Silva Kaputikyan |title=The Madenataran: The Parchment Gate of Armenian |journal=The Armenian Review |date=1981 |volume=34 |issue=2 |page=219 |publisher=Hairenik Association |quote=Manuscripts from the rich collections of the Mechitarist libraries of Venice and Vienna and the Matenadaran (Scriptorium of Ancient Manuscripts) in Erevan, Armenian S.S.R....}} 5. ^{{cite journal |last1=Sanjian |first1=Avedis K. |title=Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |date=1972 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=365–371 |quote=...the Matenadaran (Scriptorium) in Erevan, Armenia .... the accurate rendering of 'Matenadaran' is not 'Scriptorium' but 'Library of Manuscripts'.|jstor=162806 }} 6. ^{{cite book |last1=Stone |first1=Michael E. |authorlink1=Michael E. Stone |title=Selected Studies in Pseudepigrapha and Apocrypha: With Special Reference to the Armenian Tradition |date=1991 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004093430 |page=[https://books.google.am/books?id=6IByub-QSUYC&pg=PA106&dq=Matenadaran 106] |quote=Two MSS in the Matenadaran, Library of Ancient Manuscripts in Erevan...}} 7. ^{{cite book |last1=Hunt |first1=Lucy-Anne |editor1-last=Perry |editor1-first=Kenz |title=The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity |date=2009 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9780470766392 |page=398 |chapter=Eastern Christian Iconographic and Architectural Traditions: Oriental Orthodox |quote=Today, as a result of the wide Armenian diaspora, manuscripts are held in collections all over the world, including Erevan (the Matenadaran Library)...}} 8. ^{{cite book |last1=Marshall |first1=D. N. |title=History of Libraries: Ancient and Mediaeval |date=1983 |publisher=Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. |location=New Delhi |page=71 |quote=The evidence of the richness of their output and the speculative thought it is based on is now available to us in the Matenadaran library in Erevan.}} 9. ^{{cite book |last1=Aghayan |first1=Eduard |authorlink1=:hy:Էդուարդ Աղայան |title=Արդի հայերենի բացատրական բառարան [Explanatory Dictionary of Modern Armenian] |date=1976 |publisher=Hayastan Publishing |location=Yerevan |page=974 |language=hy}} 10. ^{{cite book |title=Նոր բառգիրք հայկազեան լեզուի [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] |date=1837 |publisher=San Lazzaro degli Armeni |location=Venice |page=215 |language=hy}} 11. ^{{cite journal |last1=H. |first1=Hakopian |title=Հայկական մանրանկարչութիւն. Մխիթարեան մատենադարան ձեռագրաց, Ա, Վենետիկ, 1966 |journal=Patma-Banasirakan Handes |volume=№ 3 |date=1968 |issue=3 |pages=264–269 |url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/1263/ |language=hy}} 12. ^{{cite news |title=Opening of new Matenadaran in Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/696754/mayr-atorum-bacvec-nor-matenadaran-ereq-gradaranneri.html |agency=Armenpress |date=18 October 2012}} 13. ^{{cite journal |last1=Aivazian |first1=Gia |title=Problems in Armenian collection development and technical processing in U.S. libraries |journal=Occasional Papers in Middle Eastern Librarianship |date=1981 |issue=1 |page=23 |publisher=Middle East Librarians Association |quote=For example, the Matenadaran of Yerevan has published a two-volume catalog of its manuscripts...}} 14. ^{{cite book |last1=Samuelian |first1=Thomas J. |authorlink1=Thomas J. Samuelian |title=Classical Armenian culture: influences and creativity |date=1982 |publisher=Scholars Press |isbn=9780891305651 |page=70 |quote=...together with the original, are preserved in the Matenadaran of Erevan.}} 15. ^{{cite book|last1=Hacikyan|first1=Agop Jack|authorlink1=Agop Jack Hacikyan|last2=Basmajian|first2=Gabriel|last3=Franchuk|first3=Edward S.|last4=Ouzounian|first4=Nourhan|title=The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the sixth to the eighteenth century|year=2002|publisher=Wayne State University Press|location=Detroit|isbn=9780814330234|p=[https://books.google.am/books?id=2gZzD0N9Id8C&pg=PA167&dq="the+Yerevan+Matenadaran" 167]}} 16. ^{{cite book |last1=Alexanian |first1=Joseph M. |editor1-last=Ehrman |editor1-first=Bart D. |editor2-last=Holmes |editor2-first=Michael W. |editor1-link=Bart D. Ehrman |editor2-link=Michael W. Holmes |title=The Text of the New Testament in Contemporary Research: Essays on the Status Quaestionis |date=1995 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=9780802848246 |page=[https://books.google.am/books?id=TxhqBeeAqg8C&pg=PA160&dq=the+Mashtots+Matenadaran 160] |chapter=The Armenian Version of the New Testament |quote=....in the Mashtots Matenadaran in Erevan...}} 17. ^{{cite book |last1=Stone |first1=Nira |last2=Stone |first2=Michael E. |authorlink2=Michael E. Stone |title=The Armenians: Art, Culture and Religion |date=2007 |publisher=Chester Beatty Library |isbn=9781904832379 |page=44 |quote=The most important collections of manuscripts today are in the Mashtots' Matenadaran, Institute of Ancient Manuscripts in Yerevan, Armenia...}} 18. ^{{cite web |title=Old Seminary Building |url=https://www.armenianchurch.org/index.jsp?sid=1&id=4139&pid=971&lng=en |website=armenianchurch.org |publisher=Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920191134/https://www.armenianchurch.org/index.jsp?sid=1&id=4139&pid=971&lng=en|archivedate=20 September 2018 |quote=The vast collection of manuscripts of the Armenian Church were housed in the building until the Soviet Period.}} 19. ^{{cite journal |first=H. |last=Sukiasyan |title=Եկեղեցու սեփականության բռնագրավումը Խորհրդային Հայաստանում (1920 թ. դեկտեմբեր – 1921 թ. փետրվար) [Expropriation of church properties in Soviet Armenia (December 1920-February 1921)] |journal=Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri |volume=№ 1 |date=2014 |issue=1|url=http://lraber.asj-oa.am/6263/ |language=hy|pp=96–97}} 20. ^{{cite book |last1=Baliozian |first1=Ara |authorlink1=Ara Baliozian |title=Armenia Observed |date=1979 |publisher=Ararat Press |location=New York |isbn=9780933706101 |page=166 |quote=At the end of Lenin Prospekt, where once there rose a bare rock, there now stands the monumental building of Matenadaran — a depository of rare manuscripts and miniatures.}}*{{cite journal |last1=Egorov |first1=B. |title=A Storage of Ancient Wisdom |journal=The Daily Review |date=2 January 1967 |volume=12 |page=[https://books.google.am/books?id=rPYiAQAAMAAJ&q=Daily+Review+matenadaran+monumental+structures+erevan%27s&dq=Daily+Review+matenadaran+monumental+structures+erevan%27s&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiOkMqRurjcAhUBlCwKHdtJAe8Q6AEIJzAA 15] |publisher=Sovinformburo |quote=This is the Matenadaran, one of the most monumental structures in Armenia's capital.}}*{{cite book |author1=Insight Guides |title=USSR: the new Soviet Union |date=1991 |publisher=APA Productions |isbn=9780134708997 |page=312 |quote=First of all there is the city's monumental building, the Matenadaran, the world famous library...}} 21. ^{{cite book |last1=Brook |first1=Stephen |title=Claws of the Crab: Georgia and Armenia in crisis |date=1993 |publisher=Trafalgar Square Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-1856191616 |page=172 |quote=Lower down the hill, but still on a prominent slope, stands the Matenadaran, a stern building of grey stone, completed in 1957 in the monumental round-arched style.}} 22. ^{{cite book |last1=Mikhailov |first1=Nikolai |authorlink1=:ru:Михайлов, Николай Николаевич |title=A Book About Russia - In the Union Of Equals - Descriptions, Impressions, The Memorable |date=1988 |publisher=Progress Publishers |location=Moscow |isbn=978-5010017941 |page=111}} 23. ^{{cite web |title=Ինստիտուտի շենք. Մեսրոպ Մաշտոցի անվան հին ձեռագրերի գիտահետազոտական ինստիտուտը (Մատենադարան) |url=http://www.armmonuments.am/22982-1.6.81-%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BA-%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%AB-%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6-%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D5%B1%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB-%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6-%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%A8-(%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6).html |website=armmonuments.am |publisher=Armenian Ministry of Culture |language=hy}} 24. ^{{cite journal |last1=Hasratyan |first1=Murad |authorlink1=Murad Hasratyan |title=Անիի ճարտարապետությունը [Architecture of Ani] |journal=Patma-Banasirakan Handes |volume=№ 3 |date=2011 |issue=3 |page=11 |url=http://hpj.asj-oa.am/5698/ |language=hy |quote=Գլխավոր՝ արևելյան ճակատի կենտրոնում սլաքաձև կամարով, շթաքարային մշակումով շքամուտքն է` երկու կողմերում զույգ խորշերով (այս հորինվածքը XX դ. նախօրինակ ծառայեց Երևանի Մատենադարանի գլխավոր ճակատի ճարտարապետության համար):}} 25. ^{{cite web |last1=Hasratyan |first1=Murad |authorlink1=Murad Hasratyan |title=Անիի Ս. Առաքելոց եկեղեցի [Holy Apostles church of Ani] |url=http://www.armenianreligion.am/am/Encyclopedia_anii_s_araqelots_yekeghetsi |website=armenianreligion.am |publisher=Yerevan State University Institute for Armenian Studies |language=hy|quote=Արլ. ճակատի կենտրոնում շքամուտքի խորշն է, երկու կողմերում՝ զույգ խորշերով (այս հորինվածքը նախօրինակ է ծառայել Երևանի Մատենադարանի գլխավոր ճակատի ճարտարապետության համար):}} 26. ^{{cite news |last1=Danielian |first1=Gayane |title=Մատենադարանի վերանորոգված հին մասնաշենքը բացեց դռները |url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/24714514.html |work=azatutyun.am |agency=RFE/RL |date=20 September 2012}} 27. ^{{cite journal |last1=Grimsted |first1=Patricia Kennedy |authorlink1=Patricia Kennedy Grimsted |title=Regional Archival Development in the USSR: Soviet Standards and National Documentary Legacies |journal=The American Archivist |date=1973 |volume=36 |issue=1 |page=50 |doi=10.17723/aarc.36.1.73x7728271272n88 }} 28. ^{{cite web |title=Մատենադարան. Ձեռագրերի գաղտնիքները /Խորհրդավոր մատենադարան/ |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2D5a6_syz5M |publisher=Armenian Public TV |language=hy |date=19 September 2016}} at 13:00 29. ^{{cite web |title=President Serzh Sargsyan attended the groundbreaking ceremony for the new extension building of the Mesrop Mashtots Matenadaran |url=http://www.president.am/en/domestic-visits/item/2009/05/14/news-130/ |website=president.am |date=14 May 2009}} 30. ^{{cite news |title=Landmark museum building opens in Armenia |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/landmark-museum-building-opens-in-armenia-2358226.html |work=The Independent |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=20 September 2011}} 31. ^{{cite web |title=President Serzh Sargsyan attended the ceremony of inauguration of the research compound of Matenadaran |url=http://www.president.am/en/domestic-visits/item/2011/09/20/news-310/ |website=president.am |date=20 September 2011}} 32. ^{{cite journal |last1=Stone |first1=Michael E. |authorlink1=Michael E. Stone |title=The Manuscript Library of the Armenian Patriarchate in Jerusalem |journal=Israel Exploration Journal |date=1969 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=20–43 |jstor=27925161 }} 33. ^{{cite journal |last1=Hewsen |first1=Robert H. |authorlink1=Robert H. Hewsen |title=Science in Seventh-Century Armenia: Ananias of Sirak |journal=Isis |date=1968 |volume=59 |issue=1 |page=40 |publisher=History of Science Society|jstor=227850 }} 34. ^{{cite news |title=«Վեհամոր Ավետարանը» |url=https://blog.168.am/blog/141300.html |work=168.am |date=23 March 2018 |language=hy}} 35. ^{{cite news |title=Փրկված գրքեր. Շուրիշկանի Ավետարան |url=https://mediamax.am/am/news/society/13800 |work=mediamax.am |date=12 April 2015 |language=hy}} 36. ^{{cite news |title=Շուխոնց հրաշագործ Ավետարանը կտարվի Օշական |url=https://armenpress.am/arm/news/665313/shukhonc-hrashagorts-avetarany-ktarvi-oshakan.html |agency=Armenpress |date=7 October 2011 |language=hy}} 37. ^{{cite web |title=Museum Complex of the Matenadaran |url=http://www.matenadaran.am/?id=72&lng=4 |website=matenadaran.am |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929180031/http://www.matenadaran.am/?id=72&lng=4 |archivedate=29 September 2018}} 38. ^{{cite web |title=Banber Matenadarani (Herald of the Matenadaran) |url=http://www.matenadaran.am/?id=307&lng=4 |website=matenadaran.am}} 39. ^{{cite book |last1=Dudwick |first1=Nora C. |title=Memory, Identity and Politics in Armenia |date=1994 |publisher=UMI |page=310}} 40. ^{{cite book |last1=Abrahamian |first1=Levon |title=Armenian identity in a changing world |date=2006 |publisher=Mazda Publishers |isbn=9781568591858 |page=314}} 41. ^{{cite book|last=de Waal|first=Thomas|title=Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War|year=2003|publisher=New York University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8147-1945-9|authorlink=Thomas de Waal|p=76|title-link=Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War}} 42. ^{{cite journal |title=Impressions of 26 Jun Supreme Soviet Session |journal=Daily Report: Soviet Union |date=1989 |issue=122–125 |page=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=inu.30000028637910;view=1up;seq=393 45] |publisher=Foreign Broadcast Information Service}} 43. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Demirchian |first1=K. S. |authorlink1=Karen Demirchyan |title=Soviet Armenia |date=1984 |publisher=Progress Publishers |location=Moscow |page=9 |quote=For the first time there was no need to save Armenian books and manuscripts from destruction by endless wanderings, for they are preserved in the temple of priceless creations of the people's mind and talent, the Yerevan Matenadaran.}} 44. ^{{cite web |title=Mashtots Matenadaran ancient manuscripts collection |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/flagship-project-activities/memory-of-the-world/register/full-list-of-registered-heritage/registered-heritage-page-5/mashtots-matenadaran-ancient-manuscripts-collection/ |website=unesco.org}} 45. ^{{cite news |title=Մատենադարան այցելուների հիմանական մասը Ռուսաստանից է |url=https://168.am/2017/08/12/829159.html |work=168.am |date=12 August 2017 |language=hy}} 46. ^{{cite news |title=Prince Charles Visiting Armenia |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/charles-armenia-prince-visit/24999345.html |agency=RFE/RL |date=29 May 2013}} 47. ^{{cite news |title=President Vladimir Putin visited the Matenadaran depository of mediaeval Armenian manuscripts |url=http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/40125/print |work=kremlin.ru |date=15 September 2001}} 48. ^{{cite news |title=Princess of Thailand visits Matenadaran |url=https://en.a1plus.am/1271097.html |work=a1plus.am |agency=A1plus |date=16 March 2018}} 49. ^{{cite news |title=President of the Republic of Serbia Boris Tadic visits the museum of ancient manuscripts Matenadaran |url=https://www.photolure.am/photoset/8979 |agency=Photolure |date=29 July 2009}} 50. ^{{cite news |title=Italian President visits Matenadaran with daughter |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/942197.html |agency=Armenpress |date=30 July 2018}} 51. ^{{cite news |title=Բարոզոն այցելեց Մատենադարան |url=https://www.panorama.am/am/news/2012/12/01/barozo-matenadaran/631127 |work=panorama.am |date=1 December 2012 |language=hy}} 52. ^{{cite news |title=Լեհաստանի նախագահ Բրոնիսլավ Կոմորովսկին այցելել է Մատենադարան |url=http://www.panarmenian.net/arm/culture/news/75138/ |agency=PanARMENIAN.Net |date=28 July 2011 |language=hy}} 53. ^{{cite news |title=Ավստրիայի նախագահ Հայնց Ֆիշերն այցելեց Մատենադարան |url=http://panarmenian.net/arm/photoset/2512/17619 |agency=PanARMENIAN.Net |date=26 June 2012 |language=hy}} 54. ^{{cite news |title=Լատվիայի նախագահ Վ.Զատլերսը տիկնոջ հետ այցելեց Մատենադարան |url=https://armenpress.am/arm/amp/579128 |agency=Armenpress |date=11 December 2009 |language=hy}} 55. ^{{cite news |title=Բուլղարիայի նախագահն այցելեց Մատենադարան |url=https://armenpress.am/arm/amp/922467 |agency=Armenpress |date=13 February 2018 |language=hy}} 56. ^{{cite book |title=Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia |date=1974 |page=[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_%28Soviet_Armenian_Encyclopedia%29_1.djvu/page31-3291px-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_%28Soviet_Armenian_Encyclopedia%29_1.djvu.jpg 31] |language=hy |chapter=Աբով Գևորգ [Abov Gevorg]|title-link=Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia }} 57. ^{{cite journal |author1=Editorial |title=Մահ Երևանի Ս. Մեսրոպ Մաշտոցի անվան ձեռագրաց Մատենադարանի դիրեկտոր,պրոֆեսոր, ակադեմիկոս Լևոն Ստեփանի Խաչիկյանի |journal=Etchmiadzin |date=1982 |volume=39 |issue=3 |url=http://echmiadzin.asj-oa.am/11187/ |language=hy}} 58. ^{{cite news |title=Sen Arevshatyan dies at 86 |url=https://en.a1plus.am/1194132.html |agency=A1plus |date=25 July 2014}} 59. ^{{cite news |title=Matenadaran Director Hrachya Tamrazyan passed away |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/859156/matenadaran-director-hrachya-tamrazyan-passed-away.html |agency=Armenpress |date=3 September 2016}} 60. ^{{cite news |title=Vahan Ter-Ghevondyan elected new director of Matenadaran |url=https://www.panorama.am/en/news/2018/03/06/Vahan-Ter-Ghevondyan-elected-new-director-of-Matenadaran/1915622 |work=panorama.am |date=6 March 2018}} 61. ^{{cite book |editor1-last=Bardakjian |editor1-first=Kevork B. |title=A Reference Guide to Modern Armenian Literature, 1500-1920: With an Introductory History |date=2000 |publisher=Wayne State University Press |isbn=9780814327470 |page=[https://books.google.am/books?id=bR7hMqV3Ij0C&pg=PA342&dq=Gevorg+Emin+matenadaran 342]}} 62. ^{{cite web |title=Ռաֆայել Ավետիսի Իշխանյան [Rafayeli Avetisi Ishkhanyan] |url=http://publishing.ysu.am/hy/Rafayel-Ishxanyan |website=ysu.am |publisher=Yerevan State University |language=hy}} 63. ^{{cite web |title=Mrs. Nouneh Sarkissian |url=http://www.president.am/en/Nouneh-Sarkissian-bio/ |website=president.am |publisher=Office to the President of the Republic of Armenia}} 64. ^{{cite book |last1=Colton |first1=Timothy J. |last2=Tucker |first2=Robert C. |title=Patterns in post-Soviet leadership |date=1995 |publisher=Westview Press |isbn=9780813324913 |page=146 |quote=...the newly elected president of Armenia, Levon Ter Petrosian, formerly a philologist who worked in the Matenadaran...}} 65. ^{{cite book |last1=Zurcher |first1=Christoph |authorlink1=Christoph Zurcher |title=The Post-Soviet Wars: Rebellion, Ethnic Conflict, and Nationhood in the Caucasus |date=2009 |publisher=NYU Press |isbn=9780814797242 |page=[https://books.google.am/books?id=kNoVCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA161&dq=the+Yerevan+Matenadaran 161] |quote=In 1985, he began work at the Yerevan Matenadaran Institute of Ancient Manuscripts as a senior researcher.}} 66. ^{{cite web |title=The first President of the Republic of Armenia |url=http://www.president.am/en/levon-ter-petrosyan/ |website=president.am |publisher=Office to the President of the Republic of Armenia}} 67. ^{{cite journal |last1=Mikaelian |first1=Vardges |title=Ասատուր Մնացականյան [Asatur Mnatsakanian] |journal=Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri |volume=№ 7 |date=1983 |issue=7 |pages=100–101 |url=http://lraber.asj-oa.am/4871/ |language=hy}} 68. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |title=ՀՀ նախագահ Ս.Սարգսյանը ծանոթացավ Մատենադարանի նոր մասնաշենքի շինարարական աշխատանքներին |url=https://armenpress.am/arm/news/460214.html |agency=Armenpress |date=19 September 2008 |language=hy}} 69. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last=Adalian|first=Rouben Paul|title=Historical Dictionary of Armenia|year=2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, Maryland|isbn=978-0-8108-7450-3|authorlink=Rouben Paul Adalian|p=58}} 70. ^1 {{cite news |title=90.000 visitors in 2016: Geography of tourists visited Armenia’s Matenadaran expands |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/877944/90-hazar-aycelu-mek-tarum-matenadaran-aycelats-zbosashrjikneri.html |agency=Armenpress |date=9 February 2017}} 71. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Kiesling|first=Brady|authorlink=Brady Kiesling|title=Rediscovering Armenia: An Archaeological/Touristic Gazetteer and Map Set for the Historical Monuments of Armenia|date=2000|location=Yerevan/Washington DC|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060503171634/http://www.usa.am/armenia.pdf|publisher=Embassy of the United States of America to Armenia|p=10}} 72. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 {{cite book |last1=Hewsen |first1=Robert H. |authorlink1=Robert H. Hewsen |editor1-last=Wieczynski |editor1-first=Joseph L |title=The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History Volume 21 |date=1981 |publisher=Academic International Press |isbn=978-0-87569-064-3 |pages=136–138 |chapter=Matenadaran}} 73. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |last1=Danielian |first1=Gayane |title=Մատենադարանի նոր գիտական համալիրը` հայագիտության զարգացման խթան |url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/24333390.html |work=azatutyun.am |agency=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=19 September 2011 |language=hy}} 74. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |last1=Stepanian |first1=Ruzanna |title=Armenia Expands Famous Manuscript Repository |url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/24334651.html |work=azatutyun.am |agency=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=20 September 2011}} 75. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|author1=Government of the Republic of Armenia|title=Հայաստանի Հանրապետության Երևան քաղաքի պատմության և մշակույթի անշարժ հուշարձանների պետակական ցուցակ [List of historical and cultural monuments of Yerevan]|url=http://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=56884|website=arlis.am|publisher=Armenian Legal Information System|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805184927/http://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=56884|archivedate=5 August 2016|language=hy|date=2 November 2004}} 76. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |last1=Abgarian |first1=G. |last2=Ishkhanian |first2=R. |authorlink1=:hy:Գևորգ Աբգարյան (բանասեր) |authorlink2=Rafael Ishkhanyan |title=Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia Volume 7 |date=1981 |location=Yerevan |page=[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_%28Soviet_Armenian_Encyclopedia%29_7.djvu/page284-4417px-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_%28Soviet_Armenian_Encyclopedia%29_7.djvu.jpg 284] |language=hy |chapter=Մատենադարան [Matenadaran]|title-link=Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia }} 77. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book|last1=Chookaszian|first1=Babken L.|first2=Levon|last2=Zoryan|authorlink1=:hy:Բաբկեն Չուգասզյան|authorlink2=:hy:Լևոն Զորյան|chapter=Մատենադարան (Matenadaran)|title=Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia Volume 7|lang=hy|year=1981|pp=[https://hy.wikisource.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BB:%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_(Soviet_Armenian_Encyclopedia)_7.djvu/284 284-286]|title-link=Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia}} 78. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |last1=Mkhitaryan |first1=Lusine |title=Երբեք չհնացող արժեքներ |url=http://www.hhpress.am/index.php?sub=hodv&hodv=20180628_2&flag=am |work=Hayastani Hanrapetutyun |date=28 June 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906080122/http://www.hhpress.am/index.php?sub=hodv&hodv=20180628_2&flag=am |archivedate=6 September 2018 |language=hy}} 79. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web |title=Matenadaran. Historical review |url=http://www.matenadaran.am/?id=61&lng=4 |website=matenadaran.am |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906083859/http://www.matenadaran.am/?id=61&lng=4 |archivedate=6 September 2018}} 80. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last1=Arevshatyan |first1=S. S. |authorlink1=Sen Arevshatyan |title=Great Soviet Encyclopedia |language=ru |chapter=Матенадаран [Matenadaran]|title-link=Great Soviet Encyclopedia }} [https://slovar.cc/enc/bse/2016096.html online] 81. ^1 2 {{cite book |last1=Siekierski |first1=Konrad |editor1-last=Agadjanian |editor1-first=Alexander |title=Armenian Christianity Today: Identity Politics and Popular Practice |date=2014 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=9781317178576 |page=[https://books.google.am/books?id=YAYHDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA18&dq=matenadaran 18] |chapter="One Nation, One Faith, One Church": The Armenian Apostolic Church and the Ethno-Religion in Post Soviet Armenia}} }} Bibliography
External links{{Commons category}}{{Yerevan landmarks}} 7 : Armenian culture|Manuscripts|Museums in Yerevan|Library buildings completed in 1957|Literary museums in Armenia|Libraries in Armenia|Matenadaran |
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