“Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode

释义

Dedicated blocks
Mathematical Operators block Supplemental Mathematical Operators block Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block Letterlike Symbols block Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A block Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B block Miscellaneous Technical block Geometric Shapes block Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows block Arrows block Supplemental Arrows-A block Supplemental Arrows-B block Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols block Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols block
Characters in other blocks
See also
References
External links

The Unicode Standard encodes almost all standard characters used in mathematics.^[1]

Unicode Technical Report #25 provides comprehensive information about the character repertoire, their properties, and guidelines for implementation.^[1]

Mathematical operators and symbols are in multiple Unicode blocks. Some of these blocks are dedicated to, or primarily contain, mathematical characters while others are a mix of mathematical and non-mathematical characters. This article covers all Unicode characters with a derived property of "Math".^[2]^[3]

Dedicated blocks

Mathematical Operators block

{{Main|Mathematical Operators|l1=Mathematical Operators (Unicode block)}}

The Mathematical Operators block (U+2200–U+22FF) contains characters for mathematical, logical, and set notation.

Supplemental Mathematical Operators block

{{Main|Supplemental Mathematical Operators|l1=Supplemental Mathematical Operators (Unicode block)}}

The Supplemental Mathematical Operators block (U+2A00–U+2AFF) contains various mathematical symbols, including N-ary operators, summations and integrals, intersections and unions, logical and relational operators, and subset/superset relations.

Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block

{{Main|Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols|l1=Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols (Unicode block)}}

The Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block (U+1D400–U+1D7FF) contains Latin and Greek letters and decimal digits that enable mathematicians to denote different notions with different letter styles. The "holes" in the alphabetic ranges are filled by previously defined characters in the Letter like Symbols block shown below.

Letterlike Symbols block

{{Main|Letterlike Symbols|l1=Letterlike Symbols (Unicode block)}}

The Letterlike Symbols block (U+2100–U+214F) includes variables. Most alphabetic math symbols are in the Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block shown above.

The math subset of this block is U+2102, U+2107, U+210A–U+2113, U+2115, U+2118–U+2119, U+2124, U+2128–U+2129, U+212C, U+212F, U+2133, U+2135, U+213C–U+2149, and U+214B.

Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A block

{{Main|Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A|l1=Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A (Unicode block)}}

The Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A block (U+27C0–U+27EF) contains characters for mathematical, logical, and database notation.

Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B block

{{Main|Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B|l1=Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B (Unicode block)}}

The Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B block (U+2980–U+29FF) contains miscellaneous mathematical symbols, including brackets, angles, and circle symbols.

Miscellaneous Technical block

{{Main|Miscellaneous Technical|l1=Miscellaneous Technical (Unicode block)}}

The Miscellaneous Technical block (U+2300–U+23FF) includes braces and operators.

The math subset of this block is U+2308–U+230B, U+2320-U+2321, U+237C, U+239B-U+23B5, 23B7, U+23D0, and U+23DC-U+23E2.

Geometric Shapes block

The Geometric Shapes block (U+25A0–U+25FF) contains geometric shape symbols.

The math subset of this block is U+25A0–25A1, U+25AE–25B7, U+25BC–25C1, U+25C6–25C7, U+25CA–25CB, U+25CF–25D3, U+25E2, U+25E4, U+25E7–25EC, and U+25F8–25FF.

Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows block

{{Main|Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows|l1=Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows (Unicode block)}}

The Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows block (U+2B00–U+2BFF Arrows) contains arrows and geometric shapes with various fills.

The math subset of this block is U+2B30–2B44 and U+2B47–2B4C.

Arrows block

The Arrows block (U+2190–U+21FF) contains line, curve, and semicircle arrows and arrow-like operators.

Supplemental Arrows-A block

{{Main|Supplemental Arrows-A|l1=Supplemental Arrows-A (Unicode block)}}

The Supplemental Arrows-A block (U+27F0–U+27FF) contains arrows and arrow-like operators.

Supplemental Arrows-B block

{{Main|Supplemental Arrows-B|l1=Supplemental Arrows-B (Unicode block)}}

The Supplemental Arrows-B block (U+2900–U+297F) contains arrows and arrow-like operators (arrow tails, crossing arrows, curved arrows, and harpoons).

Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols block

{{Main|Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols|l1=Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols (Unicode block)}}

The Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols block contains arrows, dots, enclosures, and overlays for modifying symbol characters.

The math subset of this block is U+20D0–U+20DC, U+20E1, U+20E5–U+20E6, and U+20EB–U+20EF.

Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols block

{{Main|Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols|l1=Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols block}}

The Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols block (U+1EE00–U+1EEFF) contains characters used in Arabic mathematical expressions.

Characters in other blocks

Mathematical characters also appear in other blocks. Below is a list of these characters as of Unicode version 12.0:

Basic Latin block

U+002B	+}}	PLUS SIGN
U+002D	-}}	HYPHEN-MINUS
U+003C	<}}	LESS-THAN SIGN
U+003D	1==}}	EQUALS SIGN
U+003E	>}}	GREATER-THAN SIGN
U+005E	^}}	CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
U+007C	{{Large	}	VERTICAL LINE
U+007E	~}}	TILDE

Latin-1 Supplement block

U+00AC	¬}}	NOT SIGN
U+00B1	±}}	PLUS-MINUS SIGN
U+00D7	×}}	MULTIPLICATION SIGN
U+00F7	÷}}	DIVISION SIGN

Greek and Coptic block

U+03D0	ϐ}}	GREEK BETA SYMBOL
U+03D1	ϑ}}	GREEK THETA SYMBOL
U+03D2	ϒ}}	GREEK UPSILON WITH HOOK SYMBOL
U+03D5	ϕ}}	GREEK PHI SYMBOL
U+03F0	ϰ}}	GREEK KAPPA SYMBOL
U+03F1	ϱ}}	GREEK RHO SYMBOL
U+03F4	ϴ}}	GREEK CAPITAL THETA SYMBOL
U+03F5	ϵ}}	GREEK LUNATE EPSILON SYMBOL
U+03F6	϶}}	GREEK REVERSED LUNATE EPSILON SYMBOL

Arabic block

U+0606	؆}}	ARABIC-INDIC CUBE ROOT
U+0607	؇}}	ARABIC-INDIC FOURTH ROOT
U+0608	؈}}	ARABIC RAY

General Punctuation block

U+2016	‖}}	DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE
U+2032	′}}	PRIME
U+2033	″}}	DOUBLE PRIME
U+2034	‴}}	TRIPLE PRIME
U+2040	⁀}}	CHARACTER TIE
U+2044	⁄}}	FRACTION SLASH
U+2052	⁒}}	COMMERCIAL MINUS SIGN
U+2061	note}}	FUNCTION APPLICATION
U+2062	note}}	INVISIBLE TIMES
U+2063	note}}	INVISIBLE SEPARATOR
U+2064	note}}	INVISIBLE PLUS

Note: non-marking character

Superscripts and Subscripts block

U+207A	⁺}}	SUPERSCRIPT PLUS SIGN
U+207B	⁻}}	SUPERSCRIPT MINUS
U+207C	⁼}}	SUPERSCRIPT EQUALS SIGN
U+207D	⁽}}	SUPERSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS
U+207E	⁾}}	SUPERSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS
U+208A	₊}}	SUBSCRIPT PLUS SIGN
U+208B	₋}}	SUBSCRIPT MINUS
U+208C	₌}}	SUBSCRIPT EQUALS SIGN
U+208D	₍}}	SUBSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS
U+208E	₎}}	SUBSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS

Miscellaneous Symbols block

U+2605	★}}	BLACK STAR
U+2606	☆}}	WHITE STAR
U+2640	♀}}	FEMALE SIGN
U+2642	♂}}	MALE SIGN
U+2660	♠}}	BLACK SPADE SUIT
U+2661	♡}}	WHITE HEART SUIT
U+2662	♢}}	WHITE DIAMOND SUIT
U+2663	♣}}	BLACK CLUB SUIT
U+266D	♭}}	MUSIC FLAT SIGN
U+266E	♮}}	MUSIC NATURAL SIGN
U+266F	♯}}	MUSIC SHARP SIGN

Alphabetic Presentation Forms block

U+FB29

﬩}}

HEBREW LETTER ALTERNATIVE PLUS SIGN

Small Form Variants block

U+FE61	﹡}}	SMALL ASTERISK
U+FE62	﹢}}	SMALL PLUS SIGN
U+FE63	﹣}}	SMALL HYPHEN-MINUS
U+FE64	﹤}}	SMALL LESS-THAN SIGN
U+FE65	﹥}}	SMALL GREATER-THAN SIGN
U+FE66	﹦}}	SMALL EQUALS SIGN
U+FE68	﹨}}	SMALL REVERSE SOLIDUS

Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms block

U+FF0B	＋}}	FULLWIDTH PLUS SIGN
U+FF1C	＜}}	FULLWIDTH LESS-THAN SIGN
U+FF1D	＝}}	FULLWIDTH EQUALS SIGN
U+FF1E	＞}}	FULLWIDTH GREATER-THAN SIGN
U+FF3C	＼}}	FULLWIDTH REVERSE SOLIDUS
U+FF3E	＾}}	FULLWIDTH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
U+FF5C	｜}}	FULLWIDTH VERTICAL LINE
U+FF5E	～}}	FULLWIDTH TILDE
U+FFE2	￢}}	FULLWIDTH NOT SIGN
U+FFE9	￩}}	HALFWIDTH LEFTWARDS ARROW
U+FFEA	￪}}	HALFWIDTH UPWARDS ARROW
U+FFEB	￫}}	HALFWIDTH RIGHTWARDS ARROW
U+FFEC	￬}}	HALFWIDTH DOWNWARDS ARROW

References

1. ^¹{{cite web | title = Unicode Technical Report #25: Unicode Support for Mathematics | publisher = The Unicode Consortium | date = 2 April 2012 | url = https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr25/ | format = PDF | accessdate = 14 August 2014}}
2. ^{{cite web | title = Unicode Character Database: Derived Core Properties | publisher = The Unicode Consortium | date = 19 February 2014 | url = https://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/DerivedCoreProperties.txt | accessdate = 14 August 2014 }}
3. ^{{cite web | title = Unicode Technical Annex #44: Unicode Character Database | publisher = The Unicode Consortium | date = 25 September 2013 | url = https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/ | format = PDF | accessdate = 14 August 2014}}

External links

{{cite book | title = Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) W3C Recommendation | publisher = W3C | version = 3.0 | edition = 2nd | date = 10 April 2014 | url = http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML/}}
Images of glyphs in section 6.3.3 of the {{cite book | title = Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) W3C Recommendation | publisher = W3C

| version = 2.0 | edition = 2nd | date = 21 February 2001 | url = http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-MathML2-20010221/}}{{Unicode navigation}}

2 : Unicode blocks|Mathematical symbols

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