| 词条 | Matija Zmajević |
| 释义 |
|name=Matija Zmajević Matvei Khristoforovich Zmayevich |birth_date={{birth date|1680|1|6}} |death_date={{death date and age|1735|8|23|1680|1|6}} |birth_place=Perast, Ottoman Empire (now Montenegro) |death_place=Tavrov, Tsardom of Russia |image=Zmajevic.jpg |caption=Matija Zmajević |allegiance={{flagicon|Russia}} Tsardom of Russia |branch= |serviceyears= |rank=Admiral |battles= |awards= |laterwork= }} Matija Zmajević (also Matej Zmajević, in Russia Matvei Khristoforovich Zmayevich {{lang-ru|Матвей Христофорович Змаевич}}; January 6, 1680 – August 23, 1735) was admiral of the Baltic Fleet and the shipbuilder of the Russian Tsar Peter the Great, building a fleet in Voronezh. Early lifeHe was born in a prominent Montenegrin Catholic family from Perast (Bay of Kotor, Montenegro). His uncle Andrija Zmajević, a poet, was a renowned Roman Catholic bishop of Antivari (Bar). The family was in conflict with another Perast family of Bujović, and after Vicko Bujović was killed in a fight on city streets, Matija was forced to leave Perast for alleged involvement when he was 28. He escaped to the Republic of Ragusa (Dubrovnik) and then to Istanbul, where he found refuge with Russian ambassador Peter Tolstoy. In 1712, Tolstoy sent him with a recommendation to Peter I. Military careerImpressed with Zmajević's education and maritime skills, the Tsar accepted him in military service and sent him to Sankt Petersburg, with the rank of Captain of Fregate,{{clarify|date=March 2015|reason=frigate captain?}} and he quickly rose in rank. Zmajević had great success in maritime battles against Sweden, against whom Russia fought the Great Northern War for supremacy on Baltic Sea. He captured seven smaller Swedish galleys in the 1714 Battle of Gangut, and his fleet fought a minor Swedish force at Grengam in 1720, in the last naval battle of the Great Northern War. As a result of Zmajević's victory, Peter the Great sent some of his young officers (boyars) to the town of Perast in Boka in order to study maritime science there. He was subsequently promoted to the rank of vice admiral and put in charge for building the river fleet of the Don. In 1725, he was given the honor of carrying the emperor's crown at the funeral of Peter the Great. Tsar's successor, Catherine I of Russia, decorated Zmajević with the Order of Alexander Nevsky, and in 1727 he was awarded the ultimate rank of admiral. After the death of Catherine I in 1727, Zmajević was accused of embezzlement and sentenced to death by a court-martial. He was reprieved at the last minute and relegated to the post of governor of the Astrakhan area with the rank of vice-admiral, where he spent last years of his life. He worked on establishment of the Black Sea Fleet, which would play a significant role in Russian expansion to the south after his death. Zmajević made numerous donations to his hometown Perast and Boka Kotorska. He was buried with military honors in the Catholic Church of Saint Ludvig in Moscow. See also
References}} External links{{Commonscat-inline|Matija Zmajević}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Zmajevic, Matija}} 9 : 1680 births|1735 deaths|People from Kotor|Imperial Russian Navy admirals|Imperial Russian people of Montenegrin descent|Imperial Russian people of Serbian descent|Montenegrin soldiers|Recipients of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky|Russian military personnel of the Great Northern War |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。